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Transformer-based models, such as BERT and GPT, have been widely adopted in natural language processing (NLP) due to their exceptional performance. However, recent studies show their vulnerability to textual adversarial attacks where the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Lujia Shen , Yuwen Pu , Shouling Ji , Changjiang Li , Xuhong Zhang , Chunpeng Ge , Ting Wang

Developing a system to detect online offensive language is very important to the health and the security of online users. Studies have shown that cyberhate, online harassment and other misuses of technology are on the rise, particularly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-12 Fatemah Husain , Ozlem Uzuner

Transfer learning in natural language processing (NLP), as realized using models like BERT (Bi-directional Encoder Representation from Transformer), has significantly improved language representation with models that can tackle challenging…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Suchita Pati , Shaizeen Aga , Nuwan Jayasena , Matthew D. Sinclair

The fine-tuning of pre-trained language models has a great success in many NLP fields. Yet, it is strikingly vulnerable to adversarial examples, e.g., word substitution attacks using only synonyms can easily fool a BERT-based sentiment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-23 Xinhsuai Dong , Luu Anh Tuan , Min Lin , Shuicheng Yan , Hanwang Zhang

Recent developments in adversarial attacks on deep learning leave many mission-critical natural language processing (NLP) systems at risk of exploitation. To address the lack of computationally efficient adversarial defense methods, this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Hao-Yuan Chang , Kang L. Wang

Deep Neural Networks have taken Natural Language Processing by storm. While this led to incredible improvements across many tasks, it also initiated a new research field, questioning the robustness of these neural networks by attacking…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-16 Jens Hauser , Zhao Meng , Damián Pascual , Roger Wattenhofer

Transformer-based text classifiers such as BERT, RoBERTa, T5, and GPT have shown strong performance in natural language processing tasks but remain vulnerable to adversarial examples. These vulnerabilities raise significant security…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Bushra Sabir , Yansong Gao , Alsharif Abuadbba , M. Ali Babar

Language models are prone to memorizing their training data, making them vulnerable to extraction attacks. While existing research often examines isolated setups, such as a single model or a fixed prompt, real-world adversaries have a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Yash More , Prakhar Ganesh , Golnoosh Farnadi

Natural Language Processing (NLP) has witnessed a transformative leap with the advent of transformer-based architectures, which have significantly enhanced the ability of machines to understand and generate human-like text. This paper…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Tianhao Wu , Yu Wang , Ngoc Quach

Recent attacks on Machine Learning (ML) models such as evasion attacks with adversarial examples and models stealing through extraction attacks pose several security and privacy threats. Prior work proposes to use adversarial training to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Kacem Khaled , Gabriela Nicolescu , Felipe Gohring de Magalhães

The release of large natural language inference (NLI) datasets like SNLI and MNLI have led to rapid development and improvement of completely neural systems for the task. Most recently, heavily pre-trained, Transformer-based models like…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-12-10 Tiffany Chien , Jugal Kalita

Robustness of huge Transformer-based models for natural language processing is an important issue due to their capabilities and wide adoption. One way to understand and improve robustness of these models is an exploration of an adversarial…

The success of pre-trained word embeddings has motivated its use in tasks in the biomedical domain. The BERT language model has shown remarkable results on standard performance metrics in tasks such as Named Entity Recognition (NER) and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-24 Vladimir Araujo , Andres Carvallo , Carlos Aspillaga , Denis Parra

State-of-the-art deep neural networks are known to be vulnerable to adversarial examples, formed by applying small but malicious perturbations to the original inputs. Moreover, the perturbations can \textit{transfer across models}:…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-02-28 Lei Wu , Zhanxing Zhu , Cheng Tai , Weinan E

Generated hateful and toxic content by a portion of users in social media is a rising phenomenon that motivated researchers to dedicate substantial efforts to the challenging direction of hateful content identification. We not only need an…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-10-29 Marzieh Mozafari , Reza Farahbakhsh , Noel Crespi

Language models like BERT excel at sentence classification tasks due to extensive pre-training on general data, but their robustness to parameter corruption is unexplored. To understand this better, we look at what happens if a language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Shijie Han , Zhenyu Zhang , Andrei Arsene Simion

Recent advances in the development of large language models have resulted in public access to state-of-the-art pre-trained language models (PLMs), including Generative Pre-trained Transformer 3 (GPT-3) and Bidirectional Encoder…

Adversarial attacks expose important blind spots of deep learning systems. While word- and sentence-level attack scenarios mostly deal with finding semantic paraphrases of the input that fool NLP models, character-level attacks typically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-04 Yannik Keller , Jan Mackensen , Steffen Eger

Recently it has been shown that state-of-the-art NLP models are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, where the predictions of a model can be drastically altered by slight modifications to the input (such as synonym substitutions). While…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-13 Yahan Yang , Soham Dan , Dan Roth , Insup Lee

Adversarial attacks and backdoor attacks are two common security threats that hang over deep learning. Both of them harness task-irrelevant features of data in their implementation. Text style is a feature that is naturally irrelevant to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-15 Fanchao Qi , Yangyi Chen , Xurui Zhang , Mukai Li , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun