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Current approaches in Explainable Deep Reinforcement Learning have limitations in which the attention mask has a displacement with the objects in visual input. This work addresses a spatial problem within traditional Convolutional Neural…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Tien Pham , Angelo Cangelosi

Many risk-sensitive applications require Machine Learning (ML) models to be interpretable. Attempts to obtain interpretable models typically rely on tuning, by trial-and-error, hyper-parameters of model complexity that are only loosely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-29 Marco Virgolin , Andrea De Lorenzo , Eric Medvet , Francesca Randone

Data assimilation is crucial in a wide range of applications, but it often faces challenges such as high computational costs due to data dimensionality and incomplete understanding of underlying mechanisms. To address these challenges, this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Zhuoyuan Li , Bin Dong , Pingwen Zhang

There exist many problem domains where the interpretability of neural network models is essential for deployment. Here we introduce a recurrent architecture composed of input-switched affine transformations - in other words an RNN without…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-06-14 Jakob N. Foerster , Justin Gilmer , Jan Chorowski , Jascha Sohl-Dickstein , David Sussillo

While neural networks are good at learning unspecified functions from training samples, they cannot be directly implemented in hardware and are often not interpretable or formally verifiable. On the other hand, logic circuits are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Tobias Brudermueller , Dennis L. Shung , Adrian J. Stanley , Johannes Stegmaier , Smita Krishnaswamy

Labeling neural network submodules with human-legible descriptions is useful for many downstream tasks: such descriptions can surface failures, guide interventions, and perhaps even explain important model behaviors. To date, most…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Sarah Schwettmann , Tamar Rott Shaham , Joanna Materzynska , Neil Chowdhury , Shuang Li , Jacob Andreas , David Bau , Antonio Torralba

Integrated interpretability without sacrificing the prediction accuracy of decision making algorithms has the potential of greatly improving their value to the user. Instead of assigning a label to an image directly, we propose to learn…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Stephan Alaniz , Diego Marcos , Bernt Schiele , Zeynep Akata

It has been observed that deep neural networks (DNNs) often use both genuine as well as spurious features. In this work, we propose "Amending Inherent Interpretability via Self-Supervised Masking" (AIM), a simple yet interestingly effective…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Eyad Alshami , Shashank Agnihotri , Bernt Schiele , Margret Keuper

In lifelong learning, tasks (or classes) to be learned arrive sequentially over time in arbitrary order. During training, knowledge from previous tasks can be captured and transferred to subsequent ones to improve sample efficiency. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-02 Xinyuan Cao , Weiyang Liu , Santosh S. Vempala

Deep learning has driven significant advances in medical image analysis, yet its adoption in clinical practice remains constrained by the large size and lack of transparency in modern models. Advances in interpretability techniques such as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Nikita Malik , Pratinav Seth , Neeraj Kumar Singh , Chintan Chitroda , Vinay Kumar Sankarapu

Interpretation of deep learning models is a very challenging problem because of their large number of parameters, complex connections between nodes, and unintelligible feature representations. Despite this, many view interpretability as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-05 Michael Tsang , James Enouen , Yan Liu

The rising computational and energy demands of deep learning, particularly in large-scale architectures such as foundation models and large language models (LLMs), pose significant challenges to sustainability. Traditional gradient-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Mohammad Saleh Vahdatpour , Huaiyuan Chu , Yanqing Zhang

Monitoring Machine Learning (ML) models in production environments is crucial, yet traditional approaches often yield verbose, low-interpretability outputs that hinder effective decision-making. We propose a cognitive architecture for ML…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Gusseppe Bravo-Rocca , Peini Liu , Jordi Guitart , Rodrigo M Carrillo-Larco , Ajay Dholakia , David Ellison

When the system is linear, why should learning be nonlinear? Linear dynamical systems, the analytical backbone of control theory, signal processing and circuit analysis, have exact closed-form solutions via the state transition matrix. Yet…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Shafayeth Jamil , Rehan Kapadia

We present the Fourier-Invertible Neural Encoder (FINE), a compact and interpretable architecture for dimension reduction in translation-equivariant datasets. FINE integrates reversible filters and monotonic activation functions with a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Anqiao Ouyang , Hongyi Ke , Qi Wang

Machine learning has shown much promise in helping improve the quality of medical, legal, and financial decision-making. In these applications, machine learning models must satisfy two important criteria: (i) they must be causal, since the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Carolyn Kim , Osbert Bastani

Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence solutions are essential in today's data-driven applications, prioritizing principles such as robustness, safety, transparency, explainability, and privacy among others. This has led to the emergence of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Alberto Argente-Garrido , Cristina Zuheros , M. Victoria Luzón , Francisco Herrera

Despite their success, Large-Language Models (LLMs) still face criticism due to their lack of interpretability. Traditional post-hoc interpretation methods, based on attention and gradient-based analysis, offer limited insights as they only…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Francesco De Santis , Philippe Bich , Gabriele Ciravegna , Pietro Barbiero , Danilo Giordano , Tania Cerquitelli

This paper studies the problem of embedding very large information networks into low-dimensional vector spaces, which is useful in many tasks such as visualization, node classification, and link prediction. Most existing graph embedding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-03-13 Jian Tang , Meng Qu , Mingzhe Wang , Ming Zhang , Jun Yan , Qiaozhu Mei

Single neurons in neural networks are often interpretable in that they represent individual, intuitively meaningful features. However, many neurons exhibit $\textit{mixed selectivity}$, i.e., they represent multiple unrelated features. A…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-10-19 David Klindt , Sophia Sanborn , Francisco Acosta , Frédéric Poitevin , Nina Miolane