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In the context of characterizing the structure of quantum entanglement in many-body systems, we introduce the entanglement contour, a tool to identify which real-space degrees of freedom contribute, and how much, to the entanglement of a…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2016-11-25 Yangang Chen , Guifre Vidal

In this paper, a novel protocol is proposed for implementing BQCT by using five-qubit en The proposed protocol depends on the Controlled-NOT operation, proper single-qubit unitary operations and single-qubit measurement in the Z-basis and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-06-20 Moein Sarvaghad-Moghaddam , Ahmed Farouk , Hussein Abulkasim

Many protocols and experiments in quantum information science are described in terms of simple measurements on qubits. However, in a real implementation, the exact description is more difficult, and more complicated observables are used.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-09-28 Tobias Moroder , Otfried Gühne , Normand J. Beaudry , Marco Piani , Norbert Lütkenhaus

We establish a theoretical understanding of the entanglement properties of a physical system that mediates a quantum information splitting protocol. We quantify the different ways in which an arbitrary $n$ qubit state can be split among a…

Typicality arguments replace the postulated mixed state ensembles of statistical mechanics with pure states sampled uniformly at random, explaining why most microstates of large systems exhibit thermal behavior. This paradigm has been…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-01 Pedro S. Correia , Gabriel Dias Carvalho , Thiago R. de Oliveira

A classification of multipartite entanglement in qubit systems is introduced for pure and mixed states. The classification is based on the robustness of the said entanglement against partial trace operation. Then we use current machine…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-17 F. El Ayachi , M. El Baz

We introduce a potential of multipartite entanglement for a system of n qubits, as the average over all balanced bipartitions of a bipartite entanglement measure, the purity. We study in detail its expression and look for its minimizers,…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2010-01-30 Paolo Facchi

Two schemes for sharing an arbitrary two-qubit state based on entanglement swapping are proposed with Bell-state measurements and local unitary operations. One is based on the quantum channel with four Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 Fu-Guo Deng , Xi-Han Li , Chun-Yan Li , Ping Zhou , Hong-Yu Zhou

A locking protocol between two parties is as follows: Alice gives an encrypted classical message to Bob which she does not want Bob to be able to read until she gives him the key. If Alice is using classical resources, and she wants to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-12-13 S. Boixo , L. Aolita , D. Cavalcanti , K. Modi , A. Winter

We show how entanglement-assisted codes can be constructed from arbitrary quantum codes by associating them with quantum codes for erasure channels. If a subset of physical qubits is correctable for an erasure error, then it naturally forms…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-04 Jaszmine DeFranco , Andrew Nemec

In this research, the entanglement within two entangled n-qubit systems is analyzed using the one-tangle, two-tangle, and {\pi}-tangle. The findings indicate that for certain quantum states, such as the generalized W state, where the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-29 Reza Hamzehofi

This article presents the basis of a theory of entanglement. We begin with a classical theory of entangled discrete measures in Section~1. Section~2 treats quantum mechanics and discusses the statistics of bounded operators on a Hilbert…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-01 Stanley Gudder

The achievement of quantum supremacy boosted the need for a robust medium of quantum information. In this task, higher-dimensional qudits show remarkable noise tolerance and enhanced security for quantum key distribution applications.…

We consider entanglement for quantum states defined in vector spaces over the real numbers. Such real entanglement is different from entanglement in standard quantum mechanics over the complex numbers. The differences provide insight into…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Carlton M. Caves , Christopher A. Fuchs , Pranaw Rungta

We show that vacuum induced coherence in three level atomic systems can lead to preservation of bi-partite entanglement, when two such atoms are prepared as two initially entangled qubits each independently interacting with their respective…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-18 Sumanta Das , G. S. Agarwal

The inevitable interaction between quantum systems and environment induces effects of decoherence which may be so strong as to destroy any initial entanglement between the systems, a phenomenon known as "entanglement breaking". Here we show…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-07-23 Stefano Pirandola

A contemporary technological milestone is to build a quantum device performing a computational task beyond the capability of any classical computer, an achievement known as quantum adversarial advantage. In what ways can the entanglement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-02-05 Jacob D. Biamonte , Mauro E. S. Morales , Dax Enshan Koh

The role of entanglement and quantum correlations in complex physical systems and quantum information processing devices has become a topic of intense study in the past two decades. In this work we present new tools for learning about…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-03-01 Michel Boyer , Aharon Brodutch , Tal Mor

We consider the problem of how to manipulate the entanglement properties of a general two-particle pure state, shared between Alice and Bob, by using only local operations at each end and classical communication between Alice and Bob. A…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 Lucien Hardy

It is shown that with the use of entanglement a specific two party communication task can be done with a systematically smaller expected error than any possible classical protocol could do. The example utilises the very tight correlation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Lucien Hardy , Wim van Dam