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Near-term quantum systems tend to be noisy. Crosstalk noise has been recognized as one of several major types of noises in superconducting Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices. Crosstalk arises from the concurrent execution of…

Quantum process tomography has become increasingly critical as the need grows for robust verification and validation of candidate quantum processors. Here, we present an approach for efficient quantum process tomography that uses a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-25 L. C. G. Govia , G. J. Ribeill , D. Ristè , M. Ware , H. Krovi

Crosstalk occurs in most quantum computing systems with more than one qubit. It can cause a variety of correlated and nonlocal crosstalk errors that can be especially harmful to fault-tolerant quantum error correction, which generally…

High fidelity quantum operations are key to enabling fault-tolerant quantum computation. Superconducting quantum processors have demonstrated high-fidelity operations, but on larger devices there is commonly a broad distribution of…

Quantum computers promise to solve certain problems exponentially faster than possible classically but are challenging to build because of their increased susceptibility to errors. Remarkably, however, it is possible to detect and correct…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-02-24 M. D. Reed , L. DiCarlo , S. E. Nigg , L. Sun , L. Frunzio , S. M. Girvin , R. J. Schoelkopf

Continuous-Variable (CV) devices are a promising platform for demonstrating large-scale quantum information protocols. In this framework, we define a general quantum computational model based on a CV hardware. It consists of vacuum input…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-02-06 Tom Douce , Damian Markham , Elham Kashefi , Peter van Loock , Giulia Ferrini

Quantum device characterization via state tomography plays an important role in both validating quantum hardware and processing quantum information, but it needs the exponential number of the measurements. For the systems with XX+YY-type…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-18 Tao Xin

We show how to realize a general quantum circuit involving gates between arbitrary pairs of qubits by means of geometrically local quantum operations and efficient classical computation. We prove that circuit-level local stochastic noise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-22 Shin Ho Choe , Robert Koenig

Code switching is an established technique that facilitates a universal set of FT quantum gate operations by combining two QEC codes with complementary sets of gates, which each by themselves are easy to implement fault-tolerantly. In this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-10 Sascha Heußen , Janine Hilder

Reliable quantum computation requires fault-tolerant protocols to prevent errors from propagating during syndrome extraction in quantum error correction. We present a novel fault-tolerant syndrome extraction technique for CSS codes, which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-21 Diego Forlivesi , Lorenzo Valentini , Marco Chiani

Quantum utility has been severely limited in superconducting quantum hardware until now by the modest number of qubits and the relatively high level of control and readout errors, due to the intentional coupling with the external…

Rapid development of quantum computing technology has led to a wide variety of sophisticated quantum devices. Benchmarking these systems becomes crucial for understanding their capabilities and paving the way for future advancements. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-11 Rafał Bistroń , Marcin Rudziński , Ryszard Kukulski , Karol Życzkowski

Quantum Process Tomography (QPT) is a powerful tool to characterize quantum operations, but it requires considerable resources making it impractical for more than 2-qubit systems. This work proposes an alternative approach that requires…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-18 Vicente Leyton-Ortega , Tyler Kharazi , Raphael C. Pooser

Quantum Kernel Estimation (QKE) is a technique based on leveraging a quantum computer to estimate a kernel function that is classically difficult to calculate, which is then used by a classical computer for training a Support Vector Machine…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-01 Marco Russo , Edoardo Giusto , Bartolomeo Montrucchio

Noisy and Intermediate-Scale Quantum, or NISQ, processors are sensitive to noise, prone to quantum decoherence, and are not yet capable of continuous quantum error correction for fault-tolerant quantum computation. Hence, quantum algorithms…

Quantum computing is one of the most promising technology advances of the latest years. Once only a conceptual idea to solve physics simulations, quantum computation is today a reality, with numerous machines able to execute quantum…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Daniel Oliveira , Edoardo Giusto , Betis Baheri , Qiang Guan , Bartolomeo Montrucchio , Paolo Rech

With the development of controllable quantum systems, fast and practical characterization for multi-qubit gates is essential for building high-fidelity quantum computing devices. The usual way to fulfill this requirement via randomized…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-10 Yihong Zhang , Wenjun Yu , Pei Zeng , Guoding Liu , Xiongfeng Ma

Medium-scale quantum devices that integrate about hundreds of physical qubits are likely to be developed in the near future. However, such devices will lack the resources for realizing quantum fault tolerance. Therefore, the main challenge…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-24 Chao Song , Jing Cui , H. Wang , J. Hao , H. Feng , Ying Li

A central ingredient in fault-tolerant quantum algorithms is the initialization of a logical state for a given quantum error-correcting code from a set of noisy qubits. A scheme that has demonstrated promising results for small code…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-19 Tom Peham , Ludwig Schmid , Lucas Berent , Markus Müller , Robert Wille

Characterization and calibration of quantum devices are necessary steps to achieve fault-tolerant quantum computing. As quantum devices become more sophisticated, it is increasingly essential to rely not only on physics-based models, but…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-27 Poramet Pathumsoot , Areeya Chantasri , Michal Hajdušek , Rodney Van Meter