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The Landau--Lifshitz--Bloch equation (LLBE) describes the evolution of the magnetic spin field in ferromagnets at high temperatures. In this paper, we study the numerical approximation of the LLBE on bounded polytopal domains in…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-02-17 Kim-Ngan Le , Agus L. Soenjaya , Thanh Tran

The Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) equation, used to model magneto-dynamics in ferromagnets, tacitly assumes that the angular momentum associated with spin precession can relax instantaneously when the real or effective magnetic field…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-07-20 Rahnuma Rahman , Supriyo Bandyopadhyay

The conventional Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) equation is a widely used tool to describe dynamics of local magnetic moments, viewed as classical vectors of fixed length, with their change assumed to take place simultaneously with the…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2019-04-10 Utkarsh Bajpai , Branislav K. Nikolic

The dynamics of magnetization in ferromagnetic materials are modeled by the Landau-Lifshitz equation, which presents significant challenges due to its inherent nonlinearity and non-convex constraint. These complexities necessitate efficient…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-12-16 Panchi Li , Xiao-Ping Wang

We discuss a mass-lumped midpoint scheme for the numerical approximation of the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation, which models the dynamics of the magnetization in ferromagnetic materials. In addition to the classical micromagnetic field…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-03-15 Giovanni Di Fratta , Carl-Martin Pfeiler , Dirk Praetorius , Michele Ruggeri

The Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation for magnetization dynamics is recast into spinor form using the real-valued Clifford algebra (geometric algebra) of three-space. We show how the undamped case can be explicitly solved to obtain…

Classical Physics · Physics 2025-01-08 Kristjan O. Klausen , Snorri Ingvarsson

We establish a machine learning model for the prediction of the magnetization dynamics as function of the external field described by the Landau-Lifschitz-Gilbert equation, the partial differential equation of motion in micromagnetism. The…

Computational Physics · Physics 2021-07-27 Lukas Exl , Norbert J. Mauser , Sebastian Schaffer , Thomas Schrefl , Dieter Suess

Spin precession in magnetic materials is commonly modelled with the classical phenomenological Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) equation. Based on a quantized spin+environment Hamiltonian, we here derive a general spin operator equation of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-02 J. Anders , C. R. J. Sait , S. A. R. Horsley

In this work, we develop a numerical homogenization approach for the fully nonlinear Landau-Lifshitz equation with rough coefficients, including non-periodicity and nonseparable scales. Direct numerical resolution of such multiscale…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-05-11 Zetao Ma , Jingrun Chen , Rui Du , Lei Zhang

The Landau--Lifshitz--Gilbert equations for the evolution of the magnetization, in presence of an external torque, can be cast in the form of the Lorenz equations and, thus, can describe chaotic fluctuations. To study quantum effects, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-04-24 Julien Tranchida , Pascal Thibaudeau , Stam Nicolis

We implement an efficient energy-minimization algorithm for finite-difference micromagnetics that proofs especially useful for the computation of hysteresis loops. Compared to results obtained by time integration of the…

Computational Physics · Physics 2014-10-27 Claas Abert , Gregor Wautischer , Florian Bruckner , Armin Satz , Dieter Suess

We present our open-source Python module Commics for the study of the magnetization dynamics in ferromagnetic materials via micromagnetic simulations. It implements state-of-the-art unconditionally convergent finite element methods for the…

A wide variety of (fixed-point) iterative methods for the solution of nonlinear equations (in Hilbert spaces) exists. In many cases, such schemes can be interpreted as iterative local linearization methods, which, as will be shown, can be…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-10-16 Pascal Heid , Thomas P. Wihler

The usefulness of modeling magnetocaloric materials expands from the understanding of their behavior to the prediction of new materials, playing a fundamental role in the optimization of their performance. In contrast with other areas of…

The Landau-Lifshitz equation governing magnetization dynamics is written in terms of the amplitudes of normal modes associated with the micromagnetic system's appropriate ground state. This results in a system of nonlinear ordinary…

Other Condensed Matter · Physics 2022-01-19 S. Perna , F. Bruckner , C. Serpico , D. Suess , M. d'Aquino

The magnetization dynamics of ferromagnets are often formulated in terms of the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) equation. The reactive part of this equation describes the response of the magnetization in terms of effective fields, whereas the…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-05-27 Arne Brataas , Yaroslav Tserkovnyak , Gerrit E. W. Bauer

We review the recent development of machine-learning (ML) force-field frameworks for Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) dynamics simulations of itinerant electron magnets, focusing on the general theory and implementations of symmetry-invariant…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-01-13 Sheng Zhang , Yunhao Fan , Kotaro Shimizu , Gia-Wei Chern

The Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation perturbed by a multiplicative space-dependent noise is considered for a ferromagnet filling a bounded three-dimensional domain. We show the existence of weak martingale solutions taking values in a…

Probability · Mathematics 2009-01-05 Z. Brzezniak , B. Goldys

We study the stochastic dynamics of a two-dimensional magnetic moment embedded in a three-dimensional environment, described by means of the stochastic Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (sLLG) equation. We define a covariant generalization of this…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-08-29 Zochil González Arenas , Daniel G. Barci , Miguel Vera Moreno

We derive the Landau-Lifshitz-Bloch (LLB) equation for a two-component magnetic system valid up to the Curie temperature. As an example, we consider disordered GdFeCo ferrimagnet where the ultrafast optically induced magnetization switching…

Materials Science · Physics 2016-11-11 U. Atxitia , P. Nieves , O. Chubykalo-Fesenko
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