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Reinforcement learning (RL) provides a naturalistic framing for learning through trial and error, which is appealing both because of its simplicity and effectiveness and because of its resemblance to how humans and animals acquire skills…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-09 Archit Sharma , Kelvin Xu , Nikhil Sardana , Abhishek Gupta , Karol Hausman , Sergey Levine , Chelsea Finn

Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms have been around for decades and employed to solve various sequential decision-making problems. These algorithms however have faced great challenges when dealing with high-dimensional environments. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-01 Thanh Thi Nguyen , Ngoc Duy Nguyen , Saeid Nahavandi

Multi-agent deep reinforcement learning (MARL) suffers from a lack of commonly-used evaluation tasks and criteria, making comparisons between approaches difficult. In this work, we provide a systematic evaluation and comparison of three…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-10 Georgios Papoudakis , Filippos Christianos , Lukas Schäfer , Stefano V. Albrecht

Continual learning (CL) is a branch of machine learning that aims to enable agents to adapt and generalise previously learned abilities so that these can be reapplied to new tasks or environments. This is particularly useful in multi-task…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Kim N. Nolle , Ivana Dusparic , Rhodri Cusack , Vinny Cahill

Deep reinforcement learning is actively used for training autonomous car policies in a simulated driving environment. Due to the large availability of various reinforcement learning algorithms and the lack of their systematic comparison…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-03-24 Aizaz Sharif , Dusica Marijan

A significant bottleneck in applying current reinforcement learning algorithms to real-world scenarios is the need to reset the environment between every episode. This reset process demands substantial human intervention, making it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Sang-Hyun Lee , Seung-Woo Seo

Although Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) and Large Language Models (LLMs) each show promise in addressing decision-making challenges in autonomous driving, DRL often suffers from high sample complexity, while LLMs have difficulty ensuring…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Chengkai Xu , Jiaqi Liu , Shiyu Fang , Yiming Cui , Dong Chen , Peng Hang , Jian Sun

Many multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) algorithms are trained in fixed simulation environments, making them brittle when deployed in real-world scenarios with more complex and uncertain conditions. Contextual MARL (cMARL) addresses…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Anirudh Satheesh , Keenan Powell , Hua Wei

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have sparked growing interest in building generalist agents that can learn through online interactions. However, applying reinforcement learning (RL) to train LLM agents in multi-turn,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Hanchen Zhang , Xiao Liu , Bowen Lv , Xueqiao Sun , Bohao Jing , Iat Long Iong , Zhenyu Hou , Zehan Qi , Hanyu Lai , Yifan Xu , Rui Lu , Hongning Wang , Jie Tang , Yuxiao Dong

Timely delivery of delay-sensitive information over dynamic, heterogeneous networks is increasingly essential for a range of interactive applications, such as industrial automation, self-driving vehicles, and augmented reality. However,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Vincenzo Norman Vitale , Antonia Maria Tulino , Andreas F. Molisch , Jaime Llorca

Can an agent learn efficiently in a noisy and self adapting environment with sequential, non-stationary and non-homogeneous observations? Through trading bots, we illustrate how Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) can tackle this challenge.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-19 Eric Benhamou , David Saltiel , Sandrine Ungari , Abhishek Mukhopadhyay , Jamal Atif

Curriculum reinforcement learning (CRL) improves the learning speed and stability of an agent by exposing it to a tailored series of tasks throughout learning. Despite empirical successes, an open question in CRL is how to automatically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Pascal Klink , Carlo D'Eramo , Jan Peters , Joni Pajarinen

Deep reinforcement learning (RL) has shown great empirical successes, but suffers from brittleness and sample inefficiency. A potential remedy is to use a previously-trained policy as a source of supervision. In this work, we refer to these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-16 Daniel Seita , Abhinav Gopal , Zhao Mandi , John Canny

Continual Learning (CL) is a powerful tool that enables agents to learn a sequence of tasks, accumulating knowledge learned in the past and using it for problem-solving or future task learning. However, existing CL methods often assume that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Chaofan Pan , Jiafen Liu , Yanhua Li , Linbo Xiong , Fan Min , Wei Wei , Xin Yang

This study presents a benchmark for evaluating action-constrained reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms. In action-constrained RL, each action taken by the learning system must comply with certain constraints. These constraints are crucial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-30 Kazumi Kasaura , Shuwa Miura , Tadashi Kozuno , Ryo Yonetani , Kenta Hoshino , Yohei Hosoe

Applications of reinforcement learning (RL) are popular in autonomous driving tasks. That being said, tuning the performance of an RL agent and guaranteeing the generalization performance across variety of different driving scenarios is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-08-03 Anil Ozturk , Mustafa Burak Gunel , Resul Dagdanov , Mirac Ekim Vural , Ferhat Yurdakul , Melih Dal , Nazim Kemal Ure

The number of agents can be an effective curriculum variable for controlling the difficulty of multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) tasks. Existing work typically uses manually defined curricula such as linear schemes. We identify two…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Wenshuai Zhao , Zhiyuan Li , Joni Pajarinen

Effective patient monitoring is vital for timely interventions and improved healthcare outcomes. Traditional monitoring systems often struggle to handle complex, dynamic environments with fluctuating vital signs, leading to delays in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Thanveer Shaik , Xiaohui Tao , Lin Li , Haoran Xie , Hong-Ning Dai , Feng Zhao , Jianming Yong

Reinforcement learning (RL) -- algorithms that teach artificial agents to interact with environments by maximising reward signals -- has achieved significant success in recent years. These successes have been facilitated by advances in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Llewyn Salt , Marcus Gallagher

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) and Deep Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) have achieved significant successes across a wide range of domains, including game AI, autonomous vehicles, robotics, and so on. However, DRL and deep MARL…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-03 Jianye Hao , Tianpei Yang , Hongyao Tang , Chenjia Bai , Jinyi Liu , Zhaopeng Meng , Peng Liu , Zhen Wang