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Let $n$ be any positive integer, the friendship graph $F_n$ consist of $n$ edge-disjoint triangles that all of them meeting in one vertex. A graph $G$ is called cospectral with a graph $H$ if their adjacency matrices have the same…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-01-13 Alireza Abdollahi , Shahrooz Janbaz

We define the geometric thickness of a graph to be the smallest number of layers such that we can draw the graph in the plane with straight-line edges and assign each edge to a layer so that no two edges on the same layer cross. The…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Michael B. Dillencourt , David Eppstein , Daniel S. Hirschberg

The inducibility of a graph $H$ measures the maximum number of induced copies of $H$ a large graph $G$ can have. Generalizing this notion, we study how many induced subgraphs of fixed order $k$ and size $\ell$ a large graph $G$ on $n$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-11-05 Noga Alon , Dan Hefetz , Michael Krivelevich , Mykhaylo Tyomkyn

We classify all regular polyhedra according to their type i.e., the collection of numbers of common neighbours that any pair of distinct vertices may have (polyhedra are planar, $3$-connected graphs). As an application, we recover the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-23 Riccardo W. Maffucci

A graph is $2$-planar if it has local crossing number two, that is, it can be drawn in the plane such that every edge has at most two crossings. A graph is maximal $2$-planar if no edge can be added such that the resulting graph remains…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-03-16 Michael Hoffmann , Meghana M. Reddy

The contact graph of a packing of translates of a convex body in Euclidean $d$-space $\mathbb E^d$ is the simple graph whose vertices are the members of the packing, and whose two vertices are connected by an edge if the two members touch…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2018-11-06 Károly Bezdek , Márton Naszódi

Every three-connected planar graph with n vertices has a drawing on an O(n^2) x O(n^2) grid in which all faces are strictly convex polygons. These drawings are obtained by perturbing (not strictly) convex drawings on O(n) x O(n) grids. More…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Imre Barany , Guenter Rote

We prove that any graph of multicurves satisfying certain natural properties is either hyperbolic, relatively hyperbolic, or thick. Further, this geometric characterization is determined by the set of subsurfaces that intersect every vertex…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2022-09-23 Jacob Russell , Kate M. Vokes

A convex geometric graph $G$ is said to be packable if there exist edge-disjoint copies of $G$ in the complete convex geometric graph $K_n$ covering all but $o(n^2)$ edges. We prove that every convex geometric graph with cyclic chromatic…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-02-27 Jiaxi Nie , Erlang Surya , Ji Zeng

We show that every graph of maximum degree 3 can be represented as the intersection graph of axis parallel boxes in three dimensions, that is, every vertex can be mapped to an axis parallel box such that two boxes intersect if and only if…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-08-30 Abhijin Adiga , L. Sunil Chandran

We prove that the maximal graph-density of an independent set in a Penrose P3 tiling considered as a planar non-directed graph is equal to $(57 - 25 \sqrt{5})/2 \approx 0.54915$ despite the fact that the graph is bipartite. Accordingly, the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2026-04-24 A. Mazel , I. Stuhl , Y. Suhov

A graph on $n \ge 3$ vertices drawn in the plane such that each edge is crossed at most four times has at most $6(n-2)$ edges -- this result proven by Ackerman is outstanding in the literature of beyond-planar graphs with regard to its…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-10-03 Aaron Büngener

We analyze the computational complexity of the following computational problems called Bounded-Density Edge Deletion and Bounded-Density Vertex Deletion: Given a graph $G$, a budget $k$ and a target density $\tau_\rho$, are there $k$ edges…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-04-15 Cristina Bazgan , André Nichterlein , Sofia Vazquez Alferez

A platypus graph is a non-hamiltonian graph for which every vertex-deleted subgraph is traceable. They are closely related to families of graphs satisfying interesting conditions regarding longest paths and longest cycles, for instance…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-12-15 Jan Goedgebeur , Addie Neyt , Carol T. Zamfirescu

A hypergraph $\mathcal{F}$ is non-trivial intersecting if every two edges in it have a nonempty intersection but no vertex is contained in all edges of $\mathcal{F}$. Mubayi and Verstra\"{e}te showed that for every $k \ge d+1 \ge 3$ and $n…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-07-23 Xizhi Liu

For a $k$-uniform hypergraph $F$ let $\textrm{ex}(n,F)$ be the maximum number of edges of a $k$-uniform $n$-vertex hypergraph $H$ which contains no copy of $F$. Determining or estimating $\textrm{ex}(n,F)$ is a classical and central problem…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-03-05 Christian Reiher , Vojtěch Rödl , Mathias Schacht

A set of geometric graphs is {\em geometric-packable} if it can be asymptotically packed into every sequence of drawings of the complete graph $K_n$. For example, the set of geometric triangles is geometric-packable due to the existence of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-12-06 Daniel W. Cranston , Jiaxi Nie , Jacques Verstraëte , Alexandra Wesolek

A dichotomous ordinal graph consists of an undirected graph with a partition of the edges into short and long edges. A geometric realization of a dichotomous ordinal graph $G$ in a metric space $X$ is a drawing of $G$ in $X$ in which every…

Deciding whether a planar graph (even of maximum degree $4$) is $3$-colorable is NP-complete. Determining subclasses of planar graphs being $3$-colorable has a long history, but since Gr\"{o}tzsch's result that triangle-free planar graphs…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-05-15 François Dross , Borut Lužar , Mária Maceková , Roman Soták

Graphs that are squares under the gluing algebra arise in the study of homomorphism density inequalities such as Sidorenko's conjecture. Recent work has focused on these homomorphism density applications. This paper takes a new perspective…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-10-08 Karen L. Collins , David Galvin , Christine A. Kelley , Emily McMillon , Amanda Redlich