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Validity, reliability, and fairness are core ethical principles embedded in classical argument-based assessment validation theory. These principles are also central to the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing (2014) which…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Jill Burstein , Geoffrey T. LaFlair

With the current progress of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology and its increasingly broader applications, trust is seen as a required criterion for AI usage, acceptance, and deployment. A robust measurement instrument is essential to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Retno Larasati

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become an important part of our everyday lives, yet user requirements for designing AI-assisted systems in law enforcement remain unclear. To address this gap, we conducted qualitative research on…

In the past few years, several large companies have published ethical principles of Artificial Intelligence (AI). National governments, the European Commission, and inter-governmental organizations have come up with requirements to ensure…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-05-06 Richard Benjamins

Despite major advances in artificial intelligence (AI) for medicine and healthcare, the deployment and adoption of AI technologies remain limited in real-world clinical practice. In recent years, concerns have been raised about the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Karim Lekadir , Aasa Feragen , Abdul Joseph Fofanah , Alejandro F Frangi , Alena Buyx , Anais Emelie , Andrea Lara , Antonio R Porras , An-Wen Chan , Arcadi Navarro , Ben Glocker , Benard O Botwe , Bishesh Khanal , Brigit Beger , Carol C Wu , Celia Cintas , Curtis P Langlotz , Daniel Rueckert , Deogratias Mzurikwao , Dimitrios I Fotiadis , Doszhan Zhussupov , Enzo Ferrante , Erik Meijering , Eva Weicken , Fabio A González , Folkert W Asselbergs , Fred Prior , Gabriel P Krestin , Gary Collins , Geletaw S Tegenaw , Georgios Kaissis , Gianluca Misuraca , Gianna Tsakou , Girish Dwivedi , Haridimos Kondylakis , Harsha Jayakody , Henry C Woodruf , Horst Joachim Mayer , Hugo JWL Aerts , Ian Walsh , Ioanna Chouvarda , Irène Buvat , Isabell Tributsch , Islem Rekik , James Duncan , Jayashree Kalpathy-Cramer , Jihad Zahir , Jinah Park , John Mongan , Judy W Gichoya , Julia A Schnabel , Kaisar Kushibar , Katrine Riklund , Kensaku Mori , Kostas Marias , Lameck M Amugongo , Lauren A Fromont , Lena Maier-Hein , Leonor Cerdá Alberich , Leticia Rittner , Lighton Phiri , Linda Marrakchi-Kacem , Lluís Donoso-Bach , Luis Martí-Bonmatí , M Jorge Cardoso , Maciej Bobowicz , Mahsa Shabani , Manolis Tsiknakis , Maria A Zuluaga , Maria Bielikova , Marie-Christine Fritzsche , Marina Camacho , Marius George Linguraru , Markus Wenzel , Marleen De Bruijne , Martin G Tolsgaard , Marzyeh Ghassemi , Md Ashrafuzzaman , Melanie Goisauf , Mohammad Yaqub , Mónica Cano Abadía , Mukhtar M E Mahmoud , Mustafa Elattar , Nicola Rieke , Nikolaos Papanikolaou , Noussair Lazrak , Oliver Díaz , Olivier Salvado , Oriol Pujol , Ousmane Sall , Pamela Guevara , Peter Gordebeke , Philippe Lambin , Pieta Brown , Purang Abolmaesumi , Qi Dou , Qinghua Lu , Richard Osuala , Rose Nakasi , S Kevin Zhou , Sandy Napel , Sara Colantonio , Shadi Albarqouni , Smriti Joshi , Stacy Carter , Stefan Klein , Steffen E Petersen , Susanna Aussó , Suyash Awate , Tammy Riklin Raviv , Tessa Cook , Tinashe E M Mutsvangwa , Wendy A Rogers , Wiro J Niessen , Xènia Puig-Bosch , Yi Zeng , Yunusa G Mohammed , Yves Saint James Aquino , Zohaib Salahuddin , Martijn P A Starmans

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming sectors such as healthcare, finance, and autonomous systems, offering powerful tools for innovation. Yet its rapid integration raises urgent ethical concerns related to data ownership, privacy,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Aasish Kumar Sharma , Dimitar Kyosev , Julian Kunkel

The integration of Artificial Intelligence in the development of computer systems presents a new challenge: make intelligent systems explainable to humans. This is especially vital in the field of health and well-being, where transparency…

Multi-agent systems (MAS) are increasingly used in healthcare to support complex decision-making through collaboration among specialized agents. Because these systems act as collective decision-makers, they raise challenges for trust,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Truong Thanh Hung Nguyen , Hélène Fournier , Piper Jackson , Makoto Itoh , Shannon Freeman , Rene Richard , Hung Cao

The EU Artificial Intelligence Act (AIA) establishes a lifecycle governance regime for high-risk AI systems built around ex-ante conformity assessment, post-market monitoring, and re-assessment upon "substantial modification." These…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Andrea Ferrario

Responsible AI is widely considered as one of the greatest scientific challenges of our time and is key to increase the adoption of AI. Recently, a number of AI ethics principles frameworks have been published. However, without further…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-29 Qinghua Lu , Liming Zhu , Xiwei Xu , Jon Whittle , Didar Zowghi , Aurelie Jacquet

The European Union's Artificial Intelligence Act establishes comprehensive requirements for high-risk AI systems, yet the harmonized standards necessary for demonstrating compliance remain not fully developed. In this paper, we investigate…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Gregor Autischer , Kerstin Waxnegger , Dominik Kowald

In this paper we discuss how systems with Artificial Intelligence (AI) can undergo safety assessment. This is relevant, if AI is used in safety related applications. Taking a deeper look into AI models, we show, that many models of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-17 Jens Braband , Hendrik Schäbe

Following on from the publication of its Feasibility Study in December 2020, the Council of Europe's Ad Hoc Committee on Artificial Intelligence (CAHAI) and its subgroups initiated efforts to formulate and draft its Possible Elements of a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-02-08 David Leslie , Christopher Burr , Mhairi Aitken , Michael Katell , Morgan Briggs , Cami Rincon

This vision paper presents initial research on assessing the robustness and reliability of AI-enabled systems, and key factors in ensuring their safety and effectiveness in practical applications, including a focus on accountability. By…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Filippo Scaramuzza , Damian A. Tamburri , Willem-Jan van den Heuvel

With the rise of AI systems in real-world applications comes the need for reliable and trustworthy AI. An essential aspect of this are explainable AI systems. However, there is no agreed standard on how explainable AI systems should be…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-07-04 Sascha Saralajew , Ammar Shaker , Zhao Xu , Kiril Gashteovski , Bhushan Kotnis , Wiem Ben Rim , Jürgen Quittek , Carolin Lawrence

This paper presents a conceptual and operational framework for developing and operating safe and trustworthy AI agents based on a Three-Pillar Model grounded in transparency, accountability, and trustworthiness. Building on prior work in…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Edward C. Cheng , Jeshua Cheng , Alice Siu

The trustworthiness of Robots and Autonomous Systems (RAS) has gained a prominent position on many research agendas towards fully autonomous systems. This research systematically explores, for the first time, the key facets of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Hongmei He , John Gray , Angelo Cangelosi , Qinggang Meng , T. Martin McGinnity , Jörn Mehnen

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) continues to advance rapidly, Friendly AI (FAI) has been proposed to advocate for more equitable and fair development of AI. Despite its importance, there is a lack of comprehensive reviews examining FAI from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Qiyang Sun , Yupei Li , Emran Alturki , Sunil Munthumoduku Krishna Murthy , Björn W. Schuller

The lack of explainability of a decision from an Artificial Intelligence (AI) based "black box" system/model, despite its superiority in many real-world applications, is a key stumbling block for adopting AI in many high stakes applications…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-01-26 Sheikh Rabiul Islam , William Eberle , Sheikh Khaled Ghafoor , Mohiuddin Ahmed

The promise of AI is huge. AI systems have already achieved good enough performance to be in our streets and in our homes. However, they can be brittle and unfair. For society to reap the benefits of AI systems, society needs to be able to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-02-18 Jeannette M. Wing
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