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We construct a graph G such that any embedding of G into R^{3} contains a nonsplit link of two components, where at least one of the components is a nontrivial knot. Further, for any m < n we produce a graph H so that every embedding of H…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Thomas Fleming

We give a simple example showing that a knot or link diagram that lies in the ${\mathbb{Z}}^2$ lattice is not necessarily the projection of a lattice stick knot or link in the ${\mathbb{Z}}^3$ lattice, and we give a necessary and sufficient…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2018-03-13 Margaret Allardice , Ethan D. Bloch

We extend the entanglement bootstrap approach to (3+1)-dimensions. We study knotted excitations of (3+1)-dimensional liquid topological orders and exotic fusion processes of loops. As in previous work in (2+1)-dimensions, we define a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-02-29 Jin-Long Huang , John McGreevy , Bowen Shi

A complete Reidemeister characterisation of welded links is a long-standing open problem. We present a Reidemeister Theorem for a related class of four-dimensional links, solid ribbon torus links: immersed solid tori in R4 with only ribbon…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2025-07-09 Zsuzsanna Dancso , Thomas Malliaras Gavrielatos

For a polygonal knot K, it is shown that a tube of radius R(K), the polygonal thickness radius, is an embedded torus. Given a thick configuration K, perturbations of size r<R(K) define satellite structures, or local knotting. We explore…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Kenneth C. Millett , Michael Piatek , Eric J. Rawdon

Given a null-cobordant oriented framed link $L$ in a closed oriented $3$--manifold $M$, we determine those links in $M \setminus L$ which can be realized as the singular point set of a generic map $M \to \mathbb{R}^2$ that has $L$ as an…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2018-04-03 Osamu Saeki

In this paper we study the theory of multi-knotoids in the annulus and in the torus, building up from the theory of planar knotoids to the theory of toroidal knotoids through the theory of annular knotoids. We introduce the concept of…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2026-04-09 Ioannis Diamantis , Sofia Lambropoulou , Sonia Mahmoudi

Construction of (colored) knot polynomials for double-fat graphs is further generalized to the case when "fingers" and "propagators" are substituting R-matrices in arbitrary closed braids with m-strands. Original version of arXiv:1504.00371…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-08-31 A. Mironov , A. Morozov

Node-link diagrams are a popular method for representing graphs that capture relationships between individuals, businesses, proteins, and telecommunication endpoints. However, node-link diagrams may fail to convey insights regarding graph…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Paul Rosen , Mustafa Hajij , Bei Wang

We find further evidence for the conjecture relating large N Chern-Simons theory on S^3 with topological string on the resolved conifold geometry by showing that the Wilson loop observable of a simple knot on S^3 (for any representation)…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-09-17 Hirosi Ooguri , Cumrun Vafa

We initiate the study of classical knots through the homotopy class of the n-th evaluation map of the knot, which is the induced map on the compactified n-point configuration space. Sending a knot to its n-th evaluation map realizes the…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Ryan Budney , James Conant , Kevin P. Scannell , Dev Sinha

Virtual knots are associated with knot diagrams, which are not obligatory planar. The recently suggested generalization from N=2 to arbitrary N of the Kauffman-Khovanov calculus of cycles in resolved diagrams can be straightforwardly…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-11-11 Alexei Morozov , Andrey Morozov , Anton Morozov

This is an expository article on diagrammatic representations of knots and links in various settings via braids.

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2018-11-29 Sofia Lambropoulou

We introduce a novel model of multipartite entanglement based on topological links, generalizing the graph/hypergraph entropy cone program. We demonstrate that there exist link representations of entropy vectors which provably cannot be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-22 Ning Bao , Newton Cheng , Sergio Hernández-Cuenca , Vincent Paul Su

Twisted knot theory, introduced by M.O.Bourgoin, is a generalization of virtual knot theory. It is easily shown that any virtual knot can be deformed into a trivial knot by a finite sequence of generalized Reidemeister moves and two…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2022-09-30 Shudan Xue , Qingying Deng

We discuss Vassiliev invariants for virtual knots, expanding upon the theory of quantum virtual knot invariants developed in arXiv:1509.00578. In particular, following the theory of quantum invariants we work with 'rotational' virtual…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2022-09-20 Wout Moltmaker , Louis H. Kauffman

We construct an infinite commutative lattice of groups whose dual spaces give Kauffman finite-type invariants of long virtual knots. The lattice is based "horizontally" upon the Polyak algebra and extended "vertically" using Manturov's…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2013-04-01 Micah W. Chrisman

We introduce the notion of wen knots, and prove that the set of wen knots is a proper subset of the set of extended welded knots. Furthermore we prove that the complementary subset consists of welded knots up to horizontal mirror…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2024-03-07 Celeste Damiani , Shin Satoh

Let (X,d) be a tree (T) of hyperbolic metric spaces satisfying the quasi-isometrically embedded condition. Let $v$ be a vertex of $T$. Let $({X_v},d_v)$ denote the hyperbolic metric space corresponding to $v$. Then $i : X_v \rightarrow X$…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2011-03-24 Mahan Mitra

A brief summary of the development of perturbative Chern-Simons gauge theory related to the theory of knots and links is presented. Emphasis is made on the progress achieved towards the determination of a general combinatorial expression…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 J. M. F. Labastida