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Adversarial attacks pose significant threats to the reliability and safety of deep learning models, especially in critical domains such as medical imaging. This paper introduces a novel framework that integrates conformal prediction with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Rui Luo , Jie Bao , Zhixin Zhou , Chuangyin Dang

In this work, we model Moving Target Defence (MTD) as a partially observable stochastic game between an attacker and a defender. The attacker tries to compromise the system through probing actions, while the defender minimizes the risk by…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Mandar Datar , Yann Dujardin

With computing now ubiquitous across government, industry, and education, cybersecurity has become a critical component for every organization on the planet. Due to this ubiquity of computing, cyber threats have continued to grow year over…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Erick Galinkin , Emmanouil Pountrourakis , Spiros Mancoridis

The field of cybersecurity has mostly been a cat-and-mouse game with the discovery of new attacks leading the way. To take away an attacker's advantage of reconnaissance, researchers have proposed proactive defense methods such as Moving…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-07-22 Sailik Sengupta , Subbarao Kambhampati

Recent advances in adversarial machine learning have shown that defenses considered to be robust are actually susceptible to adversarial attacks which are specifically customized to target their weaknesses. These defenses include Barrage of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Ethan Rathbun , Kaleel Mahmood , Sohaib Ahmad , Caiwen Ding , Marten van Dijk

From formal and practical analysis, we identify new challenges that self-adaptive systems pose to the process of quality assurance. When tackling these, the effort spent on various tasks in the process of software engineering is naturally…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-02-14 Thomas Gabor , Marie Kiermeier , Andreas Sedlmeier , Bernhard Kempter , Cornel Klein , Horst Sauer , Reiner Schmid , Jan Wieghardt

Modern cyber attacks unfold through multiple stages, requiring defenders to dynamically prioritize mitigations under uncertainty. While game-theoretic models capture attacker-defender interactions, existing approaches often rely on static…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Yuning Jiang , Nay Oo , Qiaoran Meng , Lu Lin , Dusit Niyato , Zehui Xiong , Hoon Wei Lim , Biplab Sikdar

The increasingly pervasive connectivity of today's information systems brings up new challenges to security. Traditional security has accomplished a long way toward protecting well-defined goals such as confidentiality, integrity,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-08-27 Quanyan Zhu , Stefan Rass

Modeling the interaction between traffic agents is a key issue in designing safe and non-conservative maneuvers in autonomous driving. This problem can be challenging when multi-modality and behavioral uncertainties are engaged. Existing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Zhenmin Huang , Tong Li , Shaojie Shen , Jun Ma

Protecting against adversarial attacks is a common multiagent problem. Attackers in the real world are predominantly human actors, and the protection methods often incorporate opponent models to improve the performance when facing humans.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-29 David Milec , Viliam Lisý , Christopher Kiekintveld

In this paper, we establish a zero-sum, hybrid state stochastic game model for designing defense policies for cyber-physical systems against different types of attacks. With the increasingly integrated properties of cyber-physical systems…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2017-10-03 Fei Miao , Quanyan Zhu , Miroslav Pajic , George J. Pappas

Reinforcement learning (RL) has been demonstrated suitable to develop agents that play complex games with human-level performance. However, it is not understood how to effectively use RL to perform cybersecurity tasks. To develop such…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-16 Andres Molina-Markham , Cory Miniter , Becky Powell , Ahmad Ridley

In this paper, a general model for cyber-physical systems (CPSs), that captures the diffusion of attacks from the cyber layer to the physical system, is studied. In particular, a game-theoretic approach is proposed to analyze the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2016-10-10 Anibal Sanjab , Walid Saad

Games of timing aim to determine the optimal defense against a strategic attacker who has the technical capability to breach a system in a stealthy fashion. Key questions arising are when the attack takes place, and when a defensive move…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-06-08 Sadegh Farhang , Jens Grossklags

In cybersecurity, attackers range from brash, unsophisticated script kiddies and cybercriminals to stealthy, patient advanced persistent threats. When modeling these attackers, we can observe that they demonstrate different risk-seeking and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-09-27 Erick Galinkin , John Carter , Spiros Mancoridis

Deception is a crucial tool in the cyberdefence repertoire, enabling defenders to leverage their informational advantage to reduce the likelihood of successful attacks. One way deception can be employed is through obscuring, or masking,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Junlin Wu , Charles Kamhoua , Murat Kantarcioglu , Yevgeniy Vorobeychik

With the developing of the attack and defense technology, the cyber environment has been more and more sophisticated. We failed to give an accurate evaluation of network security situation, as we lack a more accurate quantitative evaluation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-02-28 Su Yang , Yuqing Zhang , Chensi Wu

Selecting the combination of security controls that will most effectively protect a system's assets is a difficult task. If the wrong controls are selected, the system may be left vulnerable to cyber-attacks that can impact the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Dylan Léveillé , Jason Jaskolka

Deception is a technique to mislead human or computer systems by manipulating beliefs and information. For the applications of cyber deception, non-cooperative games become a natural choice of models to capture the adversarial interactions…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-02-12 Tao Zhang , Linan Huang , Jeffrey Pawlick , Quanyan Zhu

In the cybersecurity setting, defenders are often at the mercy of their detection technologies and subject to the information and experiences that individual analysts have. In order to give defenders an advantage, it is important to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-09 Erick Galinkin , Emmanouil Pountourakis , John Carter , Spiros Mancoridis