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Many forecasts consist not of point predictions but concern the evolution of quantities. For example, a central bank might predict the interest rates during the next quarter, an epidemiologist might predict trajectories of infection rates,…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-11-12 Patric Bonnier , Harald Oberhauser

Conformal prediction (CP) gives distribution-free coverage for modern vision and language models, but it is often forced to make a ranking decision from a single unstable nonconformity score. Standard CP uses one realization, while…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Jiapeng Zeng , Yogesh Prabhu , Zhanpeng Zeng , Michael A. Newton , Vikas Singh

Convergence results for averages of independent replications of counting processes are established in a $p$-variation setting and under certain assumptions. Such convergence results can be combined with functional differentiability results…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-03-12 Morten Overgaard

Essential tasks for the verification of probabilistic programs include bounding expected outcomes and proving termination in finite expected runtime. We contribute a simple yet effective inductive synthesis approach for proving such…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-02-09 Kevin Batz , Mingshuai Chen , Sebastian Junges , Benjamin Lucien Kaminski , Joost-Pieter Katoen , Christoph Matheja

In clinical trials, inferences on clinical outcomes are often made conditional on specific selective processes. For instance, only when a treatment demonstrates a significant effect on the primary outcome, further analysis is conducted to…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-04-15 Tianyu Pan , Vivek Charu , Ying Lu , Lu Tian

We develop scalable methods for producing conformal Bayesian predictive intervals with finite sample calibration guarantees. Bayesian posterior predictive distributions, $p(y \mid x)$, characterize subjective beliefs on outcomes of…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-06-15 Edwin Fong , Chris Holmes

In sequential anytime-valid inference, any admissible procedure must be based on e-processes: generalizations of test martingales that quantify the accumulated evidence against a composite null hypothesis at any stopping time. This paper…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-17 Yo Joong Choe , Aaditya Ramdas

Multivariate probabilistic time series forecasts are commonly evaluated via proper scoring rules, i.e., functions that are minimal in expectation for the ground-truth distribution. However, this property is not sufficient to guarantee good…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Étienne Marcotte , Valentina Zantedeschi , Alexandre Drouin , Nicolas Chapados

Forecasts of multivariate probability distributions are required for a variety of applications. Scoring rules enable the evaluation of forecast accuracy, and comparison between forecasting methods. We propose a theoretical framework for…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-01-30 Xiaochun Meng , James W. Taylor , Souhaib Ben Taieb , Siran Li

Anytime valid sequential tests permit us to stop testing based on the current data, without invalidating the inference. Given a maximum number of observations $N$, one may believe this must come at the cost of power when compared to a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-12-23 Nick W. Koning , Sam van Meer

This note reanalyzes Cox's idealized example of testing with data splitting using e-values (Shafer's betting scores). Cox's exciting finding was that the method of data splitting, while allowing flexible data analysis, achieves quite high…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-08-27 Vladimir Vovk

We consider the problem of testing the equality of conditional distributions of a response variable given a vector of covariates between two populations. Such a hypothesis testing problem can be motivated from various machine learning and…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-02-24 Xiaoyu Hu , Jing Lei

P-hacking poses challenges to traditional hypothesis testing. In this paper, we propose a robust method for the one-sample significance test that can protect against p-hacking from sample manipulation. Precisely, assuming a sequential…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-02-18 Xifeng Li , Shuzhen Yang , Jianfeng Yao

Proper scoring rules are used to assess the out-of-sample accuracy of probabilistic forecasts, with different scoring rules rewarding distinct aspects of forecast performance. Herein, we re-investigate the practice of using proper scoring…

A great deal of effort has been devoted to reducing the risk of spurious scientific discoveries, from the use of sophisticated validation techniques, to deep statistical methods for controlling the false discovery rate in multiple…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-03-03 Cynthia Dwork , Vitaly Feldman , Moritz Hardt , Toniann Pitassi , Omer Reingold , Aaron Roth

We introduce a new discrepancy score between two distributions that gives an indication on their similarity. While much research has been done to determine if two samples come from exactly the same distribution, much less research…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-10-16 Maayan Harel , Shie Mannor

We develop a representation of a decision maker's uncertainty based on e-variables. Like the Bayesian posterior, this *e-posterior* allows for making predictions against arbitrary loss functions that may not be specified ex ante. Unlike the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-09-20 Peter Grünwald

Probability estimation models play an important role in various fields, such as weather forecasting, recommendation systems, and sports analysis. Among several models estimating probabilities, it is difficult to evaluate which model gives…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Euihyeon Choi , Jooyoung Kim , Wonkyung Lee

Prediction-powered inference is a recent methodology for the safe use of black-box ML models to impute missing data, strengthening inference of statistical parameters. However, many applications require strong properties besides valid…

P-value functions are modern statistical tools that unify effect estimation and hypothesis testing and can provide alternative point and interval estimates compared to standard meta-analysis methods, using any of the many $p$-value…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-02-24 Leonhard Held , Felix Hofmann , Samuel Pawel