Related papers: Partially critical 2-structures

Let $\Omega$ be a group with identity $e$, $\Gamma$ be a $\Omega$-graded commutative ring and $\Im$ a graded $\Gamma$-module. In this article, we introduce the concept of $gr$-$C$-$2^{A}$-secondary submodules and investigate some properties…

Critical points of an invariant function may or may not be symmetric. We prove, however, that if a symmetric critical point exists, those adjacent to it are generically symmetry breaking. This mathematical mechanism is shown to carry…

A complex Lie supergroup can be described as a real Lie supergroup with integrable almost complex structure. The necessary and sufficient conditions on an almost complex structure on a real Lie supergroup for defining a complex Lie…

Let $G$ be a finite group and $\text{cd}(G)$ denote the character degree set for $G$. The prime graph $\Delta(G)$ is a simple graph whose vertex set consists of prime divisors of elements in $\text{cd}(G)$, denoted $\rho(G)$. Two primes…

This paper is a sequel of our preceding paper (N. Kita: Constructive characterization for signed analogue of critical graphs I: Principal classes of radials and semiradials. arXiv preprint, arXiv:2001.00083, 2019). In the preceding paper,…

Given a $\Gamma$-semigroup $S$, we construct a semigroup $\Sigma$ in such a way that one sided ideals and quasi-ideals of $S$ can be regarded as one sided ideals and quasi-ideals respectively of $\Sigma$. This correspondence and other…

We define 2-crossed module bundle 2-gerbes related to general Lie 2-crossed modules and discuss their properties. A 2-crossed module bundle 2-gerbe over a manifold is defined in terms of a so called 2-crossed module bundle gerbe, which is a…

For a weak 2-group, we construct a bicategory of flat 2-group bundles over differentiable stacks as a localization of a functor bicategory. This description is amenable to explicit geometric constructions. For example, we show that flat…

Semifields are semirings in which every nonzero element has a multiplicative inverse. A rough classification uses the characteristic of the semifield, that is the isomorphism type of the semifield generated by the two neutral elements. For…

We construct a machine which takes as input a locally small symmetric closed complete multicategory $\mathsf V$. And its output is again a locally small symmetric closed complete multicategory $\mathsf V\text-\mathcal{C}at$, the…

A semiring is an algebraic structure similar to a ring, but without the requirement that each element must have an additive inverse. A po-semiring is a semiring equipped with a compatible bounded partial order. In this paper, properties of…

A relational structure is a core, if all its endomorphisms are embeddings. This notion is important for computational complexity classification of constraint satisfaction problems. It is a fundamental fact that every finite structure has a…

We introduce a new concept of a semiprime submodule. We show that a submodule of a finitely generated module over a commutative ring is semiprime if and only if it is radical, that is, an intersection of prime submodules. Using our notion,…

In the present paper we study locally semiflat (we also call them semiintegrable) almost Grassmann structures. We establish necessary and sufficient conditions for an almost Grassmann structure to be alpha- or beta-semiintegrable. These…

New fundamental mathematical structures are introduced by the triples (left semistructure,right semistructure,bisemistructure) associated with the classical mathematical structures and such that the bisemistructures,resulting from the…

Let G be a finite group and S a subset of G\{0}. We call S an additive basis of G if every element of G can be expressed as a sum over a nonempty subset in some order. Let cr(G) be the smallest integer t such that every subset of G\{0} of…

Let B be a thick spherical building equipped with its natural CAT(1) metric and let M be a proper, convex subset of B. If M is open or if M is a closed ball of radius pi/2, then the maximal subcomplex supported by the complement of M is…

We introduce and characterize various gluing constructions for residuated lattices that intersect on a common subreduct, and which are subalgebras, or appropriate subreducts, of the resulting structure. Starting from the 1-sum construction…

In all setups when the structure of UMVUEs is known, there exists a subalgebra $\cal U$ (MVE-algebra) of the basic $\sigma$-algebra such that all $\cal U$-measurable statistics with finite second moments are UMVUEs. It is shown that…

This work is a review of results about centrally essential rings and semirings. A ring (resp., semiring) is said to be centrally essential if it is either commutative or satisfy the property that for any non-central element $a$, there exist…