Related papers: Where was Mean Solar Time first adopted?
We carried out a 26-day comparison of five simultaneously operated optical clocks and six atomic fountain clocks located at INRIM, LNE-SYRTE, NPL and PTB by using two satellite-based frequency comparison techniques: broadband Two-Way…
We study phase synchronization between atmospheric variables such as daily mean temperature and daily precipitation records. We find significant phase synchronization between records of Oxford and Vienna as well as between the records of…
According to an ancient Indian text (c. 1700 BC?), the heavens are 1000 earth diameters away from the earth. Other texts took the sun to be halfway to the heavens, so this suggests a distance of the sun about 500 earth diameters from the…
Diffuse glow has been observed around brightly lit cities in nighttime satellite imagery since at least the first publication of large scale maps in the late 1990s. In the literature, this has often been assumed to be an error related to…
We investigate a new empirical fitting method for the optical light curves of Type Ia supernovae (SNe~Ia) that is able to estimate the first-light time of SNe~Ia, even when they are not discovered extremely early. With an improved ability…
A surprisingly large amount of information on our solar system can be gained from simple measurements of the apparent angular diameters of the sun and the moon. This information includes the average density of the sun, the distance between…
In 1676 Olaus R{\o}mer presented the first observational evidence for a finite light velocity $\cem$. He formed his estimate by attributing the periodically varying discrepancy between the observed and expected occultation times of the…
Spring 2020 broke sunshine duration records across western Europe. The Netherlands recorded the highest surface irradiance since 1928, exceeding the previous extreme of 2011 by 13 %, and the diffuse fraction of the irradiance measured a…
Based on general relativity, clock comparisons enable the determination of the gravity potential relative to a stable reference. Lunar surface clocks, owing to the Moon's low-noise conditions, high orbital stability, and broad Earth…
The paper contains the online supplementary materials for "Data-Driven Prediction and Evaluation on Future Impact of Energy Transition Policies in Smart Regions". We review the renewable energy development and policies in the three…
The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) obtained using instrumental and documentary proxy predictors from Eurasia is found to be characterized by a quasi 60-year dominant oscillation since 1650. This pattern emerges clearly once the NAO record…
The Death and Life of Great American Cities was written in 1961 and is now one of the most influential book in city planning. In it, Jane Jacobs proposed four conditions that promote life in a city. However, these conditions have not been…
The Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) aboard the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory observed the transits of Mercury on 2003 May 7 and 2006 November 8. Contact times between Mercury and the solar limb have been used since the 17th century to…
In September 1777, Ru{\dj}er Bo\v{s}kovi\'c observed sunspots for six days. Based on these measurements, he used his own methods to calculate the elements of the solar rotation, the longitude of the node, the inclination of the solar…
We use low-degree acoustic modes obtained by the BiSON to estimate the main-sequence age $t_\odot$ of the Sun. The calibration is accomplished by linearizing the deviations from a standard solar model the seismic frequencies of which are…
The regain of interest in Moon exploration has substantially grown in the last years. For this reason, the space agencies consider the development of a precise navigation and positioning service similar to the Earth GNSS. Aiming at some…
As a form of "small A", quantile machine learning is used to forecast diurnal and nocturnal $Q(.90)$ air temperatures for Paris, France from late spring through the summer months of 2021. The data are provided by the Paris-Montsouris…
Nowadays, cities provide much more than shopping opportunities or working spaces. Individual locations such as parks and squares are used as meeting points and local recreation areas by many people. To ensure that they remain attractive in…
This paper summarizes theoretical definitions of the relativistic coordinate time scales introduced by the IAU 2000 framework as well as practical aspects of their use. It is argued that the IAU framework already defines relativistic local…
A re-investigation of the parapegma of Euktemon (5th century BC, Athens), based on the assumption that some star observations may in fact have been calculated rather than directly observed. The calculation follows Pliny, Natural History…