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The problem of simulatability of quantum processes using classical resources plays a cornerstone role for quantum computing. Quantum circuits can be simulated classically, e.g., using Monte Carlo sampling techniques applied to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-09 Denis A. Kulikov , Vsevolod I. Yashin , Aleksey K. Fedorov , Evgeniy O. Kiktenko

Quantum error mitigation (QEM) provides a practical route for estimating reliable observables on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. Traditional QEM strategies, including zero-noise extrapolation (ZNE) and Clifford data…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-21 Huaxin Wang , Xinge Wu , Jiajun Liu , Ruiqing He , Jiandong Shang , Hengliang Guo , Qiang Chen

Pre-fault tolerant quantum computers have already demonstrated the ability to estimate observable values accurately, at a scale beyond brute-force classical computation. This has been enabled by error mitigation techniques that often rely…

Quantum states are very delicate, so it is likely some sort of quantum error correction will be necessary to build reliable quantum computers. The theory of quantum error-correcting codes has some close ties to and some striking differences…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-04-17 Daniel Gottesman

Quantum readout error mitigation is essential for noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices to achieve reliable data. The conventional approaches, conflating initialization errors with measurement errors, not only suppress the influence of…

Quantum computers are becoming increasingly accessible, and may soon outperform classical computers for useful tasks. However, qubit readout errors remain a significant hurdle to running quantum algorithms on current devices. We present a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-28 Alistair W. R. Smith , Kiran E. Khosla , Chris N. Self , M. S. Kim

Quantum Monte Carlo and quantum simulation are both important tools for understanding quantum many-body systems. As a classical algorithm, quantum Monte Carlo suffers from the sign problem, preventing its application to most fermion systems…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-06 Yongdan Yang , Bing-Nan Lu , Ying Li

Understanding algorithmic error accumulation in quantum simulation is crucial due to its fundamental significance and practical applications in simulating quantum many-body system dynamics. Conventional theories typically apply the triangle…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-11 Boyang Chen , Jue Xu , Qi Zhao , Xiao Yuan

Manipulating quantum computing hardware in the presence of imperfect devices and control systems is a central challenge in realizing useful quantum computers. Susceptibility to noise limits the performance and capabilities of noisy…

The ambition of harnessing the quantum for computation is at odds with the fundamental phenomenon of decoherence. The purpose of quantum error correction (QEC) is to counteract the natural tendency of a complex system to decohere. This…

Quantum Random Access Memory (QRAM) has the potential to revolutionize the area of quantum computing. QRAM uses quantum computing principles to store and modify quantum or classical data efficiently, greatly accelerating a wide range of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-03 Koustubh Phalak , Avimita Chatterjee , Swaroop Ghosh

To run large-scale algorithms on a quantum computer, error-correcting codes must be able to perform a fundamental set of operations, called logic gates, while isolating the encoded information from…

Universal fault-tolerant quantum computers will require error-free execution of long sequences of quantum gate operations, which is expected to involve millions of physical qubits. Before the full power of such machines will be available,…

We introduce a low-overhead technique for quantum error mitigation based on post-selection using auxiliary qubit measurements. The method exploits the structural property that, in an error-free computation, auxiliary qubits are often…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-28 Gilad Kishony , Avi Elazari , Ron Cohen , Lior Gazit

Quantum computers are expected to bring drastic acceleration to several computing tasks against classical computers. Noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices, which have tens to hundreds of noisy physical qubits, are gradually…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-28 Yutaro Akahoshi , Kazunori Maruyama , Hirotaka Oshima , Shintaro Sato , Keisuke Fujii

Computational quantum technologies are entering a new phase in which noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers are available, but are still too small to benefit from active error correction. Even with a finite coherence budget to invest in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-12-13 G. G. Guerreschi , A. Y. Matsuura

The precision and sensitivity achievable in quantum metrology are often compromised by the presence of noise. While quantum error correction has emerged as a promising strategy, it is ineffective in addressing noise that is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-25 Xiaodie Lin , Linxuan Li , Haidong Yuan

The most common error models for quantum computers assume the independence of errors on different qubits. However, most noise mechanisms have some correlations in space. We show how to improve quantum information processing for few-qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-12-19 Vickram N. Premakumar , Robert Joynt

Quantum computers (QCs) must implement quantum error correcting codes (QECCs) to protect their logical qubits from errors, and modeling the effectiveness of QECCs on QCs is an important problem for evaluating the QC architecture. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Eric Chi , Stephen A. Lyon , Margaret Martonosi

Simulating real-time dynamics under a Hamiltonian is a central goal of quantum information science. While numerous Hamiltonian-simulation quantum algorithms have been proposed, the effects of physical noise have rarely been incorporated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-13 Keisuke Murota , Synge Todo , Suguru Endo