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Continual learning (CL) studies how models acquire tasks sequentially while retaining previously learned knowledge. Despite substantial progress in benchmarking CL methods, comparative evaluations typically keep the fine-tuning regime…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Paul-Tiberiu Iordache , Elena Burceanu

Real-world datasets often exhibit long-tailed distributions, where a few dominant "Head" classes have abundant samples while most "Tail" classes are severely underrepresented, leading to biased learning and poor generalization for the Tail.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Mahdiyar Molahasani , Michael Greenspan , Ali Etemad

Most artificial intelligence models have limiting ability to solve new tasks faster, without forgetting previously acquired knowledge. The recently emerging paradigm of continual learning aims to solve this issue, in which the model learns…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-01 Ju Xu , Zhanxing Zhu

Continual learning (CL) aims to empower machine learning models to learn continually from new data, while building upon previously acquired knowledge without forgetting. As models have evolved from small to large pre-trained architectures,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Dianzhi Yu , Xinni Zhang , Yankai Chen , Aiwei Liu , Yifei Zhang , Philip S. Yu , Irwin King

Continual learning is an online paradigm where a learner continually accumulates knowledge from different tasks encountered over sequential time steps. Importantly, the learner is required to extend and update its knowledge without…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-16 Tameem Adel

Continual learning (CL) aims to learn new tasks without forgetting previous tasks. However, existing CL methods require a large amount of raw data, which is often unavailable due to copyright considerations and privacy risks. Instead,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Enneng Yang , Zhenyi Wang , Li Shen , Nan Yin , Tongliang Liu , Guibing Guo , Xingwei Wang , Dacheng Tao

The goal of continual learning (CL) is to efficiently update a machine learning model with new data without forgetting previously-learned knowledge. Most widely-used CL methods rely on a rehearsal memory of data points to be reused while…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Lukas Balles , Giovanni Zappella , Cédric Archambeau

Continual Learning, also known as Lifelong Learning, aims to continually learn from new data as it becomes available. While prior research on continual learning in automatic speech recognition has focused on the adaptation of models across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-13 Muqiao Yang , Ian Lane , Shinji Watanabe

Continual learning, or lifelong learning, is a formidable current challenge to machine learning. It requires the learner to solve a sequence of $k$ different learning tasks, one after the other, while retaining its aptitude for earlier…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-25 Xi Chen , Christos Papadimitriou , Binghui Peng

Continual learning (CL) is a fundamental topic in machine learning, where the goal is to train a model with continuously incoming data and tasks. Due to the memory limit, we cannot store all the historical data, and therefore confront the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Weichen Lin , Jiaxiang Chen , Ruomin Huang , Hu Ding

Continual learning (CL) aims to train models on a sequence of tasks while retaining performance on previously learned ones. A core challenge in this setting is catastrophic forgetting, where new learning interferes with past knowledge.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Meng Ding , Jinhui Xu , Kaiyi Ji

Over the past decade, deep neural networks have demonstrated significant success using the training scheme that involves mini-batch stochastic gradient descent on extensive datasets. Expanding upon this accomplishment, there has been a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Jaehyeon Son , Soochan Lee , Gunhee Kim

Healthcare clinics regularly encounter dynamic data that changes due to variations in patient populations, treatment policies, medical devices, and emerging disease patterns. Deep learning models can suffer from catastrophic forgetting when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Amritpal Singh , Mustafa Burak Gurbuz , Shiva Souhith Gantha , Prahlad Jasti

Audio analysis is useful in many application scenarios. The state-of-the-art audio analysis approaches assume the data distribution at training and deployment time will be the same. However, due to various real-life challenges, the data may…

We introduce a new training paradigm that enforces interval constraints on neural network parameter space to control forgetting. Contemporary Continual Learning (CL) methods focus on training neural networks efficiently from a stream of…

The goal of continual learning (CL) is to learn a sequence of tasks without suffering from the phenomenon of catastrophic forgetting. Previous work has shown that leveraging memory in the form of a replay buffer can reduce performance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-04 Sayna Ebrahimi , Suzanne Petryk , Akash Gokul , William Gan , Joseph E. Gonzalez , Marcus Rohrbach , Trevor Darrell

During the last few years, continual learning (CL) strategies for image classification and segmentation have been widely investigated designing innovative solutions to tackle catastrophic forgetting, like knowledge distillation and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Elena Camuffo , Simone Milani

Neural networks suffer from catastrophic forgetting and are unable to sequentially learn new tasks without guaranteed stationarity in data distribution. Continual learning could be achieved via replay -- by concurrently training externally…

Continual learning denotes machine learning methods which can adapt to new environments while retaining and reusing knowledge gained from past experiences. Such methods address two issues encountered by models in non-stationary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-28 J. Armstrong , D. Clifton

Continual learning is essential for all real-world applications, as frozen pre-trained models cannot effectively deal with non-stationary data distributions. The purpose of this study is to review the state-of-the-art methods that allow…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-28 Khadija Shaheen , Muhammad Abdullah Hanif , Osman Hasan , Muhammad Shafique