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Autonomous driving systems have witnessed a significant development during the past years thanks to the advance in machine learning-enabled sensing and decision-making algorithms. One critical challenge for their massive deployment in the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Wenhao Ding , Chejian Xu , Mansur Arief , Haohong Lin , Bo Li , Ding Zhao

In autonomous driving, the combination of AI and vehicular technology offers great potential. However, this amalgamation comes with vulnerabilities to adversarial attacks. This survey focuses on the intersection of Adversarial Machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Junae Kim , Amardeep Kaur

With the recent development of autonomous vehicle technology, there have been active efforts on the deployment of this technology at different scales that include urban and highway driving. While many of the prototypes showcased have been…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-09-14 David Paz , Po-jung Lai , Nathan Chan , Yuqing Jiang , Henrik I. Christensen

We consider the problem of detecting, in the visual sensing data stream of an autonomous mobile robot, semantic patterns that are unusual (i.e., anomalous) with respect to the robot's previous experience in similar environments. These…

Autonomous race cars require perception, estimation, planning, and control modules which work together asynchronously while driving at the limit of a vehicle's handling capability. A fundamental challenge encountered in designing these…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-11-17 Achin Jain , Matthew O'Kelly , Pratik Chaudhari , Manfred Morari

UL 4600, the safety standard for autonomous products, mandates the use of Safety Performance Indicators (SPIs) to continuously ensure the validity of safety cases by monitoring and taking action when violations are identified. Despite…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Daniel Ratiu , Tihomir Rohlinger , Torben Stolte , Stefan Wagner

In this work, we consider the safety-oriented performance of 3D object detectors in autonomous driving contexts. Specifically, despite impressive results shown by the mass literature, developers often find it hard to ensure the safe…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Brian Hsuan-Cheng Liao , Chih-Hong Cheng , Hasan Esen , Alois Knoll

Sensor systems are extremely popular today and vulnerable to sensor data attacks. Due to possible devastating consequences, counteracting sensor data attacks is an extremely important topic, which has not seen sufficient study. This paper…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Xubin Fang , Rick S. Blum , Ramesh Bharadwaj , Brian M. Sadler

The majority of research on safety in autonomous vehicles has been conducted in structured and controlled environments. However, there is a scarcity of research on safety in unregulated pedestrian areas, especially when interacting with…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Enrico Del Re , Novel Certad , Joshua Varughese , Cristina Olaverri-Monreal

Achieving safe and robust autonomy is the key bottleneck on the path towards broader adoption of autonomous vehicles technology. This motivates going beyond extrinsic metrics such as miles between disengagement, and calls for approaches…

The design of embedded safety-critical systems such as those used in next-generation automotive and autonomous platforms, is increasingly challenged by escalating system complexity, hardware-software heterogeneity, and the integration of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Behnaz Ranjbar , Kirankumar Raveendiran , Sudeep Pasricha , Samarjit Chakraborty , Cecilia Carbonelli , Akash Kumar

As shown by recent studies, machine intelligence-enabled systems are vulnerable to test cases resulting from either adversarial manipulation or natural distribution shifts. This has raised great concerns about deploying machine learning…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Chejian Xu , Wenhao Ding , Weijie Lyu , Zuxin Liu , Shuai Wang , Yihan He , Hanjiang Hu , Ding Zhao , Bo Li

This paper explores the concept of creating a "self" for self-driving cars through a homeostatic architecture designed to enhance their autonomy, safety, and efficiency. The proposed system integrates inward focused sensors to monitor the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-07-22 Martin Schmalzried

Large-scale deployment of autonomous vehicles has been continually delayed due to safety concerns. On the one hand, comprehensive scene understanding is indispensable, a lack of which would result in vulnerability to rare but complex…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-08 Hao Shao , Letian Wang , RuoBing Chen , Hongsheng Li , Yu Liu

In the current landscape of autonomous vehicle (AV) safety and security research, there are multiple isolated problems being tackled by the community at large. Due to the lack of common evaluation criteria, several important research…

Current evaluation methods for autonomous driving prediction models rely heavily on simplistic metrics such as Average Displacement Error (ADE) and Final Displacement Error (FDE). While these metrics offer basic performance assessments,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Feifei Liu , Haozhe Wang , Zejun Wei , Qirong Lu , Yiyang Wen , Xiaoyu Tang , Jingyan Jiang , Zhijian He

Safety-critical scenarios are central to evaluating autonomous driving systems, yet their rarity in naturalistic logs makes simulation-based stress testing indispensable. Most scenario generation methods treat surrounding agents as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Qiyu Ruan , Yuxuan Wang , He Li , Zhenning Li , Cheng-zhong Xu

Machine Learning applications are acknowledged at the foundation of autonomous driving, because they are the enabling technology for most driving tasks. However, the inclusion of trained agents in automotive systems exposes the vehicle to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Niccolò Piazzesi , Massimo Hong , Andrea Ceccarelli

Ensuring safety in autonomous driving requires precise, real-time risk assessment and adaptive behavior. Prior work on risk estimation either outputs coarse, global scene-level metrics lacking interpretability, proposes indicators without…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Boyang Tian , Weisong Shi

Cyber-physical systems, such as self-driving cars or autonomous aircraft, must defend against attacks that target sensor hardware. Analyzing system design can help engineers understand how a compromised sensor could impact the system's…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-04 Jian Xiang , Nathan Fulton , Stephen Chong