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Recently, diffusion models have become popular tools for image synthesis because of their high-quality outputs. However, like other large-scale models, they may leak private information about their training data. Here, we demonstrate a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Shuai Tang , Zhiwei Steven Wu , Sergul Aydore , Michael Kearns , Aaron Roth

The usage of deep learning is being escalated in many applications. Due to its outstanding performance, it is being used in a variety of security and privacy-sensitive areas in addition to conventional applications. One of the key aspects…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Zhaoxi Zhang , Leo Yu Zhang , Xufei Zheng , Bilal Hussain Abbasi , Shengshan Hu

We show that remotely hosted applications employing in-context learning when augmented with a retrieval function to select in-context examples can be vulnerable to membership-inference attacks even when the service provider and users are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Tejas Kulkarni , Antti Koskela , Laith Zumot

Today's success of state of the art methods for semantic segmentation is driven by large datasets. Data is considered an important asset that needs to be protected, as the collection and annotation of such datasets comes at significant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-22 Yang He , Shadi Rahimian , Bernt Schiele , Mario Fritz

The state-of-the-art for membership inference attacks on machine learning models is a class of attacks based on shadow models that mimic the behavior of the target model on subsets of held-out nonmember data. However, we find that this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Pratiksha Thaker , Neil Kale , Zhiwei Steven Wu , Virginia Smith

As machine learning (ML) technologies become more prevalent in privacy-sensitive areas like healthcare and finance, eventually incorporating sensitive information in building data-driven algorithms, it is vital to scrutinize whether these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Ehsanul Kabir , Lucas Craig , Shagufta Mehnaz

Deep learning has achieved overwhelming success, spanning from discriminative models to generative models. In particular, deep generative models have facilitated a new level of performance in a myriad of areas, ranging from media…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-24 Dingfan Chen , Ning Yu , Yang Zhang , Mario Fritz

Machine learning models are vulnerable to data inference attacks, such as membership inference and model inversion attacks. In these types of breaches, an adversary attempts to infer a data record's membership in a dataset or even…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Dayong Ye , Sheng Shen , Tianqing Zhu , Bo Liu , Wanlei Zhou

Machine learning models are vulnerable to membership inference attacks in which an adversary aims to predict whether or not a particular sample was contained in the target model's training dataset. Existing attack methods have commonly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-01 Yiyong Liu , Zhengyu Zhao , Michael Backes , Yang Zhang

Membership inference attacks (MIAs) against machine learning (ML) models aim to determine whether a given data point was part of the model training data. These attacks may pose significant privacy risks to individuals whose sensitive data…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Mona Khalil , Alberto Blanco-Justicia , Najeeb Jebreel , Josep Domingo-Ferrer

A membership inference attack allows an adversary to query a trained machine learning model to predict whether or not a particular example was contained in the model's training dataset. These attacks are currently evaluated using…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-13 Nicholas Carlini , Steve Chien , Milad Nasr , Shuang Song , Andreas Terzis , Florian Tramer

Membership inference attacks (MIA) can reveal whether a particular data point was part of the training dataset, potentially exposing sensitive information about individuals. This article provides theoretical guarantees by exploring the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-08 Eric Aubinais , Elisabeth Gassiat , Pablo Piantanida

The prosperity of machine learning has also brought people's concerns about data privacy. Among them, inference attacks can implement privacy breaches in various MLaaS scenarios and model training/prediction phases. Specifically, inference…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Feng Wu , Lei Cui , Shaowen Yao , Shui Yu

Increasing use of machine learning (ML) technologies in privacy-sensitive domains such as medical diagnoses, lifestyle predictions, and business decisions highlights the need to better understand if these ML technologies are introducing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Shagufta Mehnaz , Sayanton V. Dibbo , Ehsanul Kabir , Ninghui Li , Elisa Bertino

While significant research advances have been made in the field of deep reinforcement learning, there have been no concrete adversarial attack strategies in literature tailored for studying the vulnerability of deep reinforcement learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-17 Maziar Gomrokchi , Susan Amin , Hossein Aboutalebi , Alexander Wong , Doina Precup

Member inference (MI) attacks aim to determine if a specific data sample was used to train a machine learning model. Thus, MI is a major privacy threat to models trained on private sensitive data, such as medical records. In MI attacks one…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-30 Gilad Cohen , Raja Giryes

Transfer learning is a useful machine learning framework that allows one to build task-specific models (student models) without significantly incurring training costs using a single powerful model (teacher model) pre-trained with a large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-28 Seng Pei Liew , Tsubasa Takahashi

Increasing use of ML technologies in privacy-sensitive domains such as medical diagnoses, lifestyle predictions, and business decisions highlights the need to better understand if these ML technologies are introducing leakages of sensitive…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-12-08 Shagufta Mehnaz , Ninghui Li , Elisa Bertino

Distribution inference, sometimes called property inference, infers statistical properties about a training set from access to a model trained on that data. Distribution inference attacks can pose serious risks when models are trained on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-06 Anshuman Suri , David Evans

Ensuring the privacy of research participants is vital, even more so in healthcare environments. Deep learning approaches to neuroimaging require large datasets, and this often necessitates sharing data between multiple sites, which is…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2021-06-04 Umang Gupta , Dimitris Stripelis , Pradeep K. Lam , Paul M. Thompson , José Luis Ambite , Greg Ver Steeg