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We present proof-of-concept imaging measurements of a polycrystalline material that integrate the elements of conventional high-energy X-ray diffraction microscopy with coherent diffraction imaging techniques, and that can enable in-situ…

Analyzing large X-ray diffraction (XRD) datasets is a key step in high-throughput mapping of the compositional phase diagrams of combinatorial materials libraries. Optimizing and automating this task can help accelerate the process of…

The characterization of nanostructured surfaces with sensitivity in the sub-nm range is of high importance for the development of current and next generation integrated electronic circuits. Modern transistor architectures for e.g. FinFETs…

The physical properties of polycrystalline materials depend on their microstructure, which is the nano-to-centimeter-scale arrangement of phases and defects in their interior. Such microstructure depends on the shape, crystallographic phase…

Topo-Tomography (TT) is a synchrotron-based X-ray diffraction imaging technique used to characterize grain shape and crystal orientation in polycrystalline samples. This work aims to provide a decisive and fundamental understanding of 3D…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-10-13 Zheheng Liu , Nicola Vigano , Henry Proudhon , Wolfgang Ludwig

Accurately determining the crystallographic structure of a material, organic or inorganic, is a critical primary step in material development and analysis. The most common practices involve analysis of diffraction patterns produced in…

Understanding and manipulating two-dimensional materials for real-world applications remains challenging due to a lack of effective and high-throughput characterization techniques. Soft X-ray time-of-flight photoemission electron microscopy…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-12-22 Aashwin Mishra , Daniel Ratner , Quynh Nguyen

Characterizing crystal structures and interfaces down to the atomic level is an important step for designing advanced materials. Modern electron microscopy routinely achieves atomic resolution and is capable to resolve complex arrangements…

Materials Science · Physics 2023-09-07 Andreas Leitherer , Byung Chul Yeo , Christian H. Liebscher , Luca M. Ghiringhelli

Efficient crop detection via Unmanned Aerial Vehicles is critical for scaling precision agriculture, yet it remains challenging due to the small scale of targets and environmental variability. This paper addresses the detection of rice…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Mohammad Sadegh Gholizadeh , Amir Arsalan Rezapour , Hamidreza Shayegh , Ehsan Pazouki

In this paper, we propose and study a Nystr\"om based approach to efficient large scale kernel principal component analysis (PCA). The latter is a natural nonlinear extension of classical PCA based on considering a nonlinear feature map or…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-07-12 Nicholas Sterge , Bharath Sriperumbudur , Lorenzo Rosasco , Alessandro Rudi

With the development of high-speed electron detectors, four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D-STEM) has emerged as a powerful tool for characterizing microstructures in material science and life science. However, the…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2023-06-16 Yiming Hu , Si Gao , Xiaopeng Wu , Xudong Pei , Futao Huang , Wei Mao , Weiyang Zhang , Aidan Horne , Zhengbin Gu , Peng Wang

We demonstrate that the confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) provides a non-destructive, highly-efficient characterization method for large-area epitaxial graphene and graphene nanostructures on SiC substrates, which can be applied in…

Diffuse optical imaging (DOI) offers valuable insights into scattering mediums, but the quest for high-resolution imaging often requires dense sampling strategies, leading to higher imaging errors and lengthy acquisition times. This work…

Optics · Physics 2025-04-07 Ben Wiesel , Shlomi Arnon

Local domain structures of ferroelectrics have been studied extensively using various modes of scanning probes at the nanoscale, including piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) and Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM), though none of these…

Materials Science · Physics 2017-09-20 Ehsan Nasr Esfahani , Xiaoyan Liu , Jiangyu Li

Increasing interest in three-dimensional nanostructures adds impetus to electron microscopy techniques capable of imaging at or below the nanoscale in three dimensions. We present a reconstruction algorithm that takes as input a focal…

Four-dimensional Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (4D STEM) with data acquired using a defocused electron probe is a promising tool for characterising complex biological specimens and materials through a phase retrieval process…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-15 Amirafshar Moshtaghpour , Angus I. Kirkland

The Nystr\"om methods have been popular techniques for scalable kernel based learning. They approximate explicit, low-dimensional feature mappings for kernel functions from the pairwise comparisons with the training data. However, Nystr\"om…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-21 Mert Al , Thee Chanyaswad , Sun-Yuan Kung

Computer vision techniques have attracted a great interest in precision agriculture, recently. The common goal of all computer vision-based precision agriculture tasks is to detect the objects of interest (e.g., crop, weed) and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Faiza Mekhalfa , Fouad Yacef

Fast scanning probe microscopy enabled via machine learning allows for a broad range of nanoscale, temporally resolved physics to be uncovered. However, such examples for functional imaging are few in number. Here, using piezoresponse force…

Far-field characterization of small objects is severely constrained by the diffraction limit. Existing tools achieving sub-diffraction resolution often utilize point-by-point image reconstruction via scanning or labelling. Here, we present…