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Existing Natural Language Understanding (NLU) models have been shown to incorporate dataset biases leading to strong performance on in-distribution (ID) test sets but poor performance on out-of-distribution (OOD) ones. We introduce a simple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Abbas Ghaddar , Philippe Langlais , Mehdi Rezagholizadeh , Ahmad Rashid

Deep learning has introduced significant improvements in many software analysis tasks. Although the Large Language Models (LLMs) based neural code models demonstrate commendable performance when trained and tested within the intra-project…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Zhiming Li , Yanzhou Li , Tianlin Li , Mengnan Du , Bozhi Wu , Yushi Cao , Junzhe Jiang , Yang Liu

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) struggle with numerical regression under long-tailed target distributions. Token-level supervised fine-tuning (SFT) and point-wise regression rewards bias learning toward high-density regions,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yao Du , Shanshan Song , Xiaomeng Li

While existing social bot detectors perform well on benchmarks, their robustness across diverse real-world scenarios remains limited due to unclear ground truth and varied misleading cues. In particular, the impact of shortcut learning,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Shiyan Zheng , Herun Wan , Minnan Luo , Junhang Huang

Contemporary neural networks have achieved a series of developments and successes in many aspects; however, when exposed to data outside the training distribution, they may fail to predict correct answers. In this work, we were concerned…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Wanshui Li , Pasquale Minervini

In this work, we tackle the challenging problem of long-tailed image recognition. Previous long-tailed recognition approaches mainly focus on data augmentation or re-balancing strategies for the tail classes to give them more attention…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-15 Weide Liu , Zhonghua Wu , Yiming Wang , Henghui Ding , Fayao Liu , Jie Lin , Guosheng Lin

A recent study by Feldman (2020) proposed a long-tail theory to explain the memorization behavior of deep learning models. However, memorization has not been empirically verified in the context of NLP, a gap addressed by this work. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-24 Xiaosen Zheng , Jing Jiang

Curriculum Learning (CL) is a technique of training models via ranking examples in a typically increasing difficulty trend with the aim of accelerating convergence and improving generalisability. Current approaches for Natural Language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Fenia Christopoulou , Gerasimos Lampouras , Ignacio Iacobacci

In this work, we address the challenging task of long-tailed image recognition. Previous long-tailed recognition methods commonly focus on the data augmentation or re-balancing strategy of the tail classes to give more attention to tail…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-13 Weide Liu , Zhonghua Wu , Yiming Wang , Henghui Ding , Fayao Liu , Jie Lin , Guosheng Lin

Controlling the patterns a model learns is essential to preventing reliance on irrelevant or misleading features. Such reliance on irrelevant features, often called shortcut features, has been observed across domains, including medical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Mihnea Ghitu , Vihari Piratla , Matthew Wicker

Long-tail recognition is challenging because it requires the model to learn good representations from tail categories and address imbalances across all categories. In this paper, we propose a novel generative and fine-tuning framework,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Qihao Zhao , Yalun Dai , Hao Li , Wei Hu , Fan Zhang , Jun Liu

Deep learning models have attracted lots of research attention in time series classification (TSC) task in the past two decades. Recently, deep neural networks (DNN) have surpassed classical distance-based methods and achieved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Salomon Ibarra , Frida Cantu , Kaixiong Zhou , Li Zhang

The natural world often follows a long-tailed data distribution where only a few classes account for most of the examples. This long-tail causes classifiers to overfit to the majority class. To mitigate this, prior solutions commonly adopt…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Rahul Duggal , Scott Freitas , Sunny Dhamnani , Duen Horng Chau , Jimeng Sun

Deep-learning models can extract a rich assortment of features from data. Which features a model uses depends not only on \emph{predictivity} -- how reliably a feature indicates training-set labels -- but also on \emph{availability} -- how…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Katherine L. Hermann , Hossein Mobahi , Thomas Fel , Michael C. Mozer

This paper considers learning deep features from long-tailed data. We observe that in the deep feature space, the head classes and the tail classes present different distribution patterns. The head classes have a relatively large spatial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-14 Jialun Liu , Yifan Sun , Chuchu Han , Zhaopeng Dou , Wenhui Li

Learning-based techniques, especially advanced Large Language Models (LLMs) for code, have gained considerable popularity in various software engineering (SE) tasks. However, most existing works focus on designing better learning-based…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-08 Xin Zhou , Kisub Kim , Bowen Xu , Jiakun Liu , DongGyun Han , David Lo

It is not uncommon that real-world data are distributed with a long tail. For such data, the learning of deep neural networks becomes challenging because it is hard to classify tail classes correctly. In the literature, several existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Mengke Li , Yiu-ming Cheung , Yang Lu , Zhikai Hu , Weichao Lan , Hui Huang

In this study, we investigate the generalization of LSTM, ReLU and GRU models on counting tasks over long sequences. Previous theoretical work has established that RNNs with ReLU activation and LSTMs have the capacity for counting with…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-11-30 Nadine El-Naggar , Pranava Madhyastha , Tillman Weyde

Deep learning algorithms face great challenges with long-tailed data distribution which, however, is quite a common case in real-world scenarios. Previous methods tackle the problem from either the aspect of input space (re-sampling classes…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-13 Jiequan Cui , Shu Liu , Zhuotao Tian , Zhisheng Zhong , Jiaya Jia

Finetuning large language models inflates the costs of NLU applications and remains the bottleneck of development cycles. Recent works in computer vision use data pruning to reduce training time. Pruned data selection with static methods is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Jean-Michel Attendu , Jean-Philippe Corbeil