Related papers: The speed of breaking waves controls sea surface d…
Generated under hurricane conditions, a slip layer composed of foam, bubble emulsion, and spray determines the behavior of the surface drag with wind speed. This study enables us to estimate foam's contribution to this behavior. A…
Simultaneous measurements of sea spray aerosol (SSA), wind, wave, underwater acoustic noise, and microwave brightness temperature are obtained in the open ocean. These data are analyzed to clarify the ocean surface processes important to…
Wave steepness is a key geometric variable for describing breaking occurrence and its consequences, including energy dissipation and air entrainment. Using three laboratory campaigns under varying spectral conditions and co-flowing wind…
Wave breaking is a critical process in the upper ocean: an energy sink for the surface wave field and a source for turbulence in the ocean surface boundary layer. We apply a novel multi-layer numerical solver resolving upper-ocean dynamics…
The goal of this note is to provide a theoretical explanation for the saturation of the drag coefficient in strong wind conditions. The hydrodynamic model under consideration takes into account the important effects of airborne droplets of…
Air-sea drag governs the momentum transfer between the atmosphere and the ocean, and remains largely unknown in hurricane winds. We revisit the momentum budget and eddy-covariance methods to estimate the surface drag coefficient in the…
A simple analytical model is developed for the current induced by the wind and modified by surface wind-waves in the oceanic surface layer, based on a first-order turbulence closure and including the effect of a vortex force representing…
Wind-wave interaction involves wind forcing on wave surface and wave effects on the turbulent wind structures, which essentially influences the wind and wave loading on structures. Existing research on wind-wave interaction modeling ignores…
Many wind wave spectrum models provide excellent wave height prediction given the input of wind speed and wave age. Their quantification of the surface roughness, on the other hand, varies considerably. The ocean surface roughness is…
We investigate the momentum fluxes between a turbulent air boundary layer and a growing-breaking wave field by solving the air-water two-phase Navier-Stokes equations through direct numerical simulations (DNS). A fully-developed turbulent…
Monin-Obukhov similarity theory (MOST) is a well-tested approach for specifying the fluxes when the roughness surfaces are homogeneous. For flow over waves (inhomogeneous surfaces), phase-averaged roughness length scales are often…
The physics of swash i.e. a layer of water that washes up on the beach after an incoming wave has broken is complicated and intriguing. It includes perplexed hydrodynamic and sediment transport events. In our paper we address to the…
We investigate the energy growth and dissipation of wind-forced breaking waves at high wind speed using direct numerical simulations of the coupled air-water Navier-Stokes equations. A turbulent wind boundary layer drives the growth of a…
Modern day studies of wind-driven sea waves are usually focused on wind forcing rather than on the effect of resonant nonlinear wave interactions. The authors assume that these effects are dominating and propose a simple relationship…
A new model to evaluate the equivalent hydrodynamic length or surface roughness, z0, of ocean waves is developed and tested. The proposed Surface Wave-Aerodynamic Roughness Length (SWARL) model requires maps of the wave surface height at…
Boundary layer flow over a realistic porous wall might contain both the effects of wall-permeability and wall-roughness. These two effects are typically examined in the context of a rough-wall flow, i.e., by defining a ``roughness'' length…
A theoretical model is proposed to explain the roughness characteristics of an ice surface grown from a gravity and wind-driven supercooled water film flowing over an inclined plane. The effects of the water supply rate, plane slope and air…
Knowledge of turbulent flows over non-flat surfaces is of major practical interest in diverse applications. Significant work continues to be reported in the roughness regime at high Reynolds numbers where the cumulative effect of surface…
The complex interaction between turbulence and the free surface in boundary layer shear flow created by a vertical surface-piercing wall is considered. A laboratory-scale device was built that utilizes a surface-piercing stainless steel…
Global observations of ocean swell, from satellite Synthetic Aperture Radar data, are used to estimate the dissipation of swell energy for a number of storms. Swells can be very persistent with energy e-folding scales exceeding 20,000 km.…