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The ZX calculus is a mathematical tool to represent and analyse quantum operations by manipulating diagrams which in effect represent tensor networks. Two families of nodes of these networks are ones which commute with either Z rotations or…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-07 Niel de Beaudrap

The stabilizer ZX-calculus is a rigorous graphical language for reasoning about quantum mechanics.The language is sound and complete: a stabilizer ZX-diagram can be transformed into another one if and only if these two diagrams represent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-01-04 Miriam Backens , Simon Perdrix , Quanlong Wang

Quantum dot-based spin qubit realization is one of the most promising quantum computing systems owing to its integrability with classical computation hardware and its versatility in realizing qubits and quantum gates. In this work, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-14 Yash Tiwari , Aditya Dev , Vishvendra Singh Poonia

Mapping a quantum algorithm to any practical large-scale quantum computer will require a sequence of compilations and optimizations. At the level of fault-tolerant encoding, one likely requirement of this process is the translation into a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-13 Michael Hanks , Marta P. Estarellas , William J. Munro , Kae Nemoto

Distributed quantum computation requires to apply quantum remote gates on separate nodes or subsystems of network. On the other hand, Toffoli gate is a universal and well-known quantum gate. It is frequently used in synthesis of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-12-24 Moein Sarvaghad-Moghaddam , Mariam Zomorodi-Moghadam , Ahmed Farouk

Multiplication over binary fields is a crucial operation in quantum algorithms designed to solve the discrete logarithm problem for elliptic curve defined over $GF(2^n)$. In this paper, we present an algorithm for constructing quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-28 Vivien Vandaele

We systematically construct and classify fault-tolerant logical gates implemented by constant-depth circuits for quantum codes using cohomology operations and symmetry. These logical gates are obtained from unitary operators given by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-30 Po-Shen Hsin , Ryohei Kobayashi , Guanyu Zhu

A non-Clifford gate is required for universal quantum computation, and, typically, this is the most error-prone and resource intensive logical operation on an error-correcting code. Small, single-qubit rotations are popular choices for this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-10-05 Ryuji Takagi , Theodore J. Yoder , Isaac L. Chuang

Toponomic quantum computing (TQC) employs rotation sequences of anticoherent $k$-planes to construct noise-tolerant quantum gates. In this work, we demonstrate the implementation of generalized Toffoli gates, using $k$-planes of spin…

We propose several methods for optimizing the number of qubits in a quantum circuit while preserving the number of non-Clifford gates. One of our approaches consists in reversing, as much as possible, the gadgetization of Hadamard gates,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-16 Vivien Vandaele

Unitary operations are expressed in the quantum circuit model as a finite sequence of elementary gates, such as controlled-not gates and single qubit gates. We prove that the simplified Toffoli gate by Margolus, which coincides with the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Guang Song , Andreas Klappenecker

Quantum computing is currently strongly limited by the impact of noise, in particular introduced by the application of two-qubit gates. For this reason, reducing the number of two-qubit gates is of paramount importance on noisy…

Near-term quantum computers are primarily limited by errors in quantum operations (or gates) between two quantum bits (or qubits). A physical machine typically provides a set of basis gates that include primitive 2-qubit (2Q) and 1-qubit…

The computational complexity of $\mathsf{QAC}^0$, which are constant-depth, polynomial-size quantum circuit families consisting of arbitrary single-qubit unitaries and $n$-qubit generalized Toffoli gates, has gained tremendous focus…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-09 Yangjing Dong , Fengning Ou , Penghui Yao

Spin qubits in semiconductor quantum dots are a promising platform for quantum computing, however scaling to large systems is hampered by crosstalk and charge noise. Crosstalk here refers to the unwanted off-resonant rotation of idle qubits…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-05-17 David W. Kanaar , J. P. Kestner

Kliuchnikov, Maslov, and Mosca proved in 2012 that a $2\times 2$ unitary matrix $V$ can be exactly represented by a single-qubit Clifford+$T$ circuit if and only if the entries of $V$ belong to the ring $\mathbb{Z}[1/\sqrt{2},i]$. Later…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-08 Matthew Amy , Andrew N. Glaudell , Neil J. Ross

The ZX-calculus is a powerful framework for reasoning in quantum computing. It provides in particular a compact representation of matrices of interests. A peculiar property of the ZX-calculus is the absence of a formal sum allowing the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-07 Emmanuel Jeandel , Simon Perdrix , Margarita Veshchezerova

In this work, we prove that for any $m>1$, there exists a family of good qudit quantum codes supporting transversal logical $\mathsf{C}^{m-1}\mathsf{Z}$ gates that can address specified logical qudits and be largely executed in parallel.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-11 Virgile Guémard

A cost-effective n-bit Toffoli gate is proposed to be realized (or transpiled) based on the layouts (linear, T-like, and I-like) and the number of n physical qubits for IBM quantum computers. This proposed gate is termed the "layout-aware…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-18 Ali Al-Bayaty , Marek Perkowski

Optimising quantum circuits to minimise resource usage is crucial, especially with near-term hardware limited by quantum volume. This paper introduces an optimisation algorithm aiming to minimise non-Clifford gate count and two-qubit gate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-29 Calum Holker