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Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) algorithms often require a large amount of data and struggle in sparse-reward domains with long planning horizons and multiple sub-goals. In this paper, we propose a neuro-symbolic extension of Proximal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Simone Murari , Celeste Veronese , Daniele Meli

In this paper, the open-loop and closed-loop local and remote stochastic nonzero-sum game (LRSNG) problem is investigated. Different from previous works, the stochastic nonzero-sum game problem under consideration is essentially a special…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-12-20 Xin Li , Qingyuan Qi , Xinbei Lv

In an $\epsilon$-Nash equilibrium, a player can gain at most $\epsilon$ by unilaterally changing his behaviour. For two-player (bimatrix) games with payoffs in $[0,1]$, the best-known$\epsilon$ achievable in polynomial time is 0.3393. In…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2014-10-02 Argyrios Deligkas , John Fearnley , Rahul Savani , Paul Spirakis

In this paper, we settle the sampling complexity of solving discounted two-player turn-based zero-sum stochastic games up to polylogarithmic factors. Given a stochastic game with discount factor $\gamma\in(0,1)$ we provide an algorithm that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-30 Aaron Sidford , Mengdi Wang , Lin F. Yang , Yinyu Ye

Two player zero sum simultaneous action games are common in video games, financial markets, war, business competition, and many other settings. We first introduce the fundamental concepts of reinforcement learning in two player zero sum…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Patrick Phillips

Poker is an imperfect information game that has served as a long-standing benchmark for decision-making under uncertainty. To maximize utility beyond the Nash equilibrium, an agent can deviate from Nash-equilibrium policies to exploit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Vlad Murgoci , Matthijs Spaan , Yaniv Oren

We consider learning Nash equilibria in two-player zero-sum Markov Games with nonlinear function approximation, where the action-value function is approximated by a function in a Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space (RKHS). The key challenge is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-11 Chris Junchi Li , Dongruo Zhou , Quanquan Gu , Michael I. Jordan

Distributed optimization and Nash equilibrium (NE) seeking problems have drawn much attention in the control community recently. This paper studies a class of non-cooperative games, known as N-cluster game, which subsumes both cooperative…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-03-01 Yipeng Pang , Guoqiang Hu

While Nash equilibria are guaranteed to exist, they may exhibit dense support, making them difficult to understand and execute in some applications. In this paper, we study $k$-sparse commitments in games where one player is restricted to…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Salam Afiouni , Jakub Černý , Chun Kai Ling , Christian Kroer

In this paper, we consider two-player zero-sum matrix and stochastic games and develop learning dynamics that are payoff-based, convergent, rational, and symmetric between the two players. Specifically, the learning dynamics for matrix…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Zaiwei Chen , Kaiqing Zhang , Eric Mazumdar , Asuman Ozdaglar , Adam Wierman

In this paper, we propose several new stochastic second-order algorithms for policy optimization that only require gradient and Hessian-vector product in each iteration, making them computationally efficient and comparable to policy…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-01-31 Jinsong Liu , Chenghan Xie , Qi Deng , Dongdong Ge , Yinyu Ye

Off-policy evaluation (OPE) is the problem of evaluating new policies using historical data obtained from a different policy. In the recent OPE context, most studies have focused on single-player cases, and not on multi-player cases. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-25 Kenshi Abe , Yusuke Kaneko

Recent years have witnessed a tremendous improvement of deep reinforcement learning. However, a challenging problem is that an agent may suffer from inefficient exploration, particularly for on-policy methods. Previous exploration methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-17 Ling Pan , Qingpeng Cai , Longbo Huang

We study the problem of computing Nash equilibria of zero-sum games. Many natural zero-sum games have exponentially many strategies, but highly structured payoffs. For example, in the well-studied Colonel Blotto game (introduced by Borel in…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2017-01-23 AmirMahdi Ahmadinejad , Sina Dehghani , MohammadTaghi Hajiaghayi , Brendan Lucier , Hamid Mahini , Saeed Seddighin

We study finite-horizon two-player zero-sum differential games with one-sided payoff information ($G$), where the informed player (P1) knows the game payoff, while P2 only has a public belief over a finite set of possible payoffs. In this…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Mukesh Ghimire , Zhe Xu , Yi Ren

Deep reinforcement learning has been able to solve various tasks successfully, however, due to the construction of policy gradient and training dynamics, tuning deep reinforcement learning models remains challenging. As one of the most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Hanyong Wang , Menglong Yang

Uncertainty estimation for Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a critical component in control tasks where agents must balance safe exploration and efficient learning. While deep neural networks have enabled breakthroughs in RL, they often lack…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Matthijs van der Lende , Juan Cardenas-Cartagena

Computing the Nash equilibrium (NE) for N-player non-zerosum stochastic games is a formidable challenge. Currently, algorithmic methods in stochastic game theory are unable to compute NE for stochastic games (SGs) for settings in all but…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-03-25 David Mguni

This study investigates cooperation evolution mechanisms in the spatial public goods game. A novel deep reinforcement learning framework, Proximal Policy Optimization with Adversarial Curriculum Transfer (PPO-ACT), is proposed to model…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Zhaoqilin Yang , Chanchan Li , Xin Wang , Youliang Tian

This article discusses two contributions to decision-making in complex partially observable stochastic games. First, we apply two state-of-the-art search techniques that use Monte-Carlo sampling to the task of approximating a…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2014-01-21 Marc Ponsen , Steven de Jong , Marc Lanctot
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