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Machine Learning (ML) has become pervasive, and its deployment in Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) is inevitable due to its automated nature and high accuracy compared to traditional models in processing and classifying large…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Mohamed elShehaby , Ashraf Matrawy

Supervised detection of network attacks has always been a critical part of network intrusion detection systems (NIDS). Nowadays, in a pivotal time for artificial intelligence (AI), with even more sophisticated attacks that utilize advanced…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Iakovos-Christos Zarkadis , Christos Douligeris

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are now the de facto choice for computer vision tasks such as image classification. However, their complexity and "black box" nature often renders the systems they're deployed in vulnerable to a range of security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Chandramouli Amarnath , Aishwarya H. Balwani , Kwondo Ma , Abhijit Chatterjee

With the rapid technological advancements, organizations need to rapidly scale up their information technology (IT) infrastructure viz. hardware, software, and services, at a low cost. However, the dynamic growth in the network services and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-08-14 Mahmoud Said Elsayed , Nhien-An Le-Khac , Soumyabrata Dev , Anca Delia Jurcut

Due to their massive success in various domains, deep learning techniques are increasingly used to design network intrusion detection solutions that detect and mitigate unknown and known attacks with high accuracy detection rates and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-08 Huda Ali Alatwi , Charles Morisset

Nowadays, intrusion detection systems based on deep learning deliver state-of-the-art performance. However, recent research has shown that specially crafted perturbations, called adversarial examples, are capable of significantly reducing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-31 Islam Debicha , Richard Bauwens , Thibault Debatty , Jean-Michel Dricot , Tayeb Kenaza , Wim Mees

As network security threats evolve, safeguarding flow-based Machine Learning (ML)-based Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) from evasion adversarial attacks is crucial. This paper introduces the notion of feature perturb-ability and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Mohamed elShehaby , Ashraf Matrawy

Adversarial examples can represent a serious threat to machine learning (ML) algorithms. If used to manipulate the behaviour of ML-based Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS), they can jeopardize network security. In this work, we aim…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Nasim Soltani , Shayan Nejadshamsi , Zakaria Abou El Houda , Raphael Khoury , Kelton A. P. Costa , Tiago H. Falk , Anderson R. Avila

The network security analyzers use intrusion detection systems (IDSes) to distinguish malicious traffic from benign ones. The deep learning-based IDSes are proposed to auto-extract high-level features and eliminate the time-consuming and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Mahdi Soltani , Khashayar Khajavi , Mahdi Jafari Siavoshani , Amir Hossein Jahangir

Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are critical components in safeguarding 5G/6G networks from both internal and external cyber threats. While traditional IDS approaches rely heavily on signature-based methods, they struggle to detect novel…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Neha , Tarunpreet Bhatia

This paper investigates the temporal analysis of NetFlow datasets for machine learning (ML)-based network intrusion detection systems (NIDS). Although many previous studies have highlighted the critical role of temporal features, such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Majed Luay , Siamak Layeghy , Seyedehfaezeh Hosseininoorbin , Mohanad Sarhan , Nour Moustafa , Marius Portmann

In the recent years, we have witnessed a huge growth in the number of Internet of Things (IoT) and edge devices being used in our everyday activities. This demands the security of these devices from cyber attacks to be improved to protect…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-07 Kumar Saurabh , Saksham Sood , P. Aditya Kumar , Uphar Singh , Ranjana Vyas , O. P. Vyas , Rahamatullah Khondoker

Recent work has demonstrated robust mechanisms by which attacks can be orchestrated on machine learning models. In contrast to adversarial examples, backdoor or trojan attacks embed surgically modified samples with targeted labels in the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-03-19 Zhaoyuan Yang , Naresh Iyer , Johan Reimann , Nurali Virani

The performance of machine learning based network intrusion detection systems (NIDSs) severely degrades when deployed on a network with significantly different feature distributions from the ones of the training dataset. In various…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-15 Siamak Layeghy , Mahsa Baktashmotlagh , Marius Portmann

Timely response of Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) is constrained by the flow generation process which requires accumulation of network packets. This paper introduces Multivariate Time Series (MTS) early detection into NIDS to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Jinxin Liu , Murat Simsek , Michele Nogueira , Burak Kantarci

The Internet has become a prime subject to security attacks and intrusions by attackers. These attacks can lead to system malfunction, network breakdown, data corruption or theft. A network intrusion detection system (IDS) is a tool used…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-14 Tanwir Ahmad , Dragos Truscan , Juri Vain , Ivan Porres

Trajectory prediction is an integral component of modern autonomous systems as it allows for envisioning future intentions of nearby moving agents. Due to the lack of other agents' dynamics and control policies, deep neural network (DNN)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-09 Kaiyuan Tan , Jun Wang , Yiannis Kantaros

Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) is a key component in securing the computer network from various cyber security threats and network attacks. However, consider an unfortunate situation where the NIDS is itself attacked and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Khushnaseeb Roshan , Aasim Zafar , Sheikh Burhan Ul Haque

Network-based intrusion detection system (NIDS) monitors network traffic for malicious activities, forming the frontline defense against increasing attacks over information infrastructures. Although promising, our quantitative analysis…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Chenyang Qiu , Yingsheng Geng , Junrui Lu , Kaida Chen , Shitong Zhu , Ya Su , Guoshun Nan , Can Zhang , Junsong Fu , Qimei Cui , Xiaofeng Tao

Machine Learning (ML) algorithms have become increasingly popular for supporting Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS). Nevertheless, extensive research has shown their vulnerability to adversarial attacks, which involve subtle…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Andrea Venturi , Dario Stabili , Mirco Marchetti