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Search engines are the preferred tools for finding information on the Web. They are advancing to be the common helpers to answer any of our search needs. We use them to carry out simple look-up tasks and also to work on rather time…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2012-06-13 Georg Singer , Ulrich Norbisrath , Dirk Lewandowski

Web agents such as Deep Research have demonstrated superhuman cognitive abilities, capable of solving highly challenging information-seeking problems. However, most research remains primarily text-centric, overlooking visual information in…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Xinyu Geng , Peng Xia , Zhen Zhang , Xinyu Wang , Qiuchen Wang , Ruixue Ding , Chenxi Wang , Jialong Wu , Yida Zhao , Kuan Li , Yong Jiang , Pengjun Xie , Fei Huang , Jingren Zhou

Autonomous web agents powered by large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in completing complex browser tasks, yet they still struggle with long-horizon workflows. A key bottleneck is the grounding gap in existing skill formulations:…

Experimental testing is vital in the optimization of web applications, and as such A/B testing has been widely adopted as a methodology for determining optimal content for many web applications. While some testing platforms provide…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-10-04 Ian E. Fellows

Web application testing is an essential practice to ensure the reliability, security, and performance of web systems in an increasingly digital world. This paper presents a systematic literature survey focusing on web testing methodologies,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Iva Kertusha , Gebremariem Assress , Onur Duman , Andrea Arcuri

With deep reinforcement learning (RL) systems like autonomous driving being wildly deployed but remaining largely opaque, developers frequently use explainable RL (XRL) tools to better understand and work with deep RL agents. However,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Xiaoran Wu , Zihan Yan , Chongjie Zhang , Tongshuang Wu

User queries in e-commerce search are often vague, short, and underspecified, making it difficult for retrieval systems to match them accurately against structured product catalogs. This challenge is amplified by the one-to-many nature of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Yipeng Zhang , Bowen Liu , Xiaoshuang Zhang , Aritra Mandal , Canran Xu , Zhe Wu

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has transformed the landscape of agentic information seeking capabilities through the integration of tools such as search engines and web browsers. However, current mainstream approaches…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Dingchu Zhang , Yida Zhao , Jialong Wu , Baixuan Li , Wenbiao Yin , Liwen Zhang , Yong Jiang , Yufeng Li , Kewei Tu , Pengjun Xie , Fei Huang

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into browser extensions has revolutionized web browsing, enabling sophisticated functionalities like content summarization, intelligent translation, and context-aware writing assistance.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Xuanqi Gao , Juan Zhai , Shiqing Ma , Siyi Xie , Chao Shen

Task automation of surgical robot has the potentials to improve surgical efficiency. Recent reinforcement learning (RL) based approaches provide scalable solutions to surgical automation, but typically require extensive data collection to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Tao Huang , Kai Chen , Bin Li , Yun-Hui Liu , Qi Dou

End-to-end (E2E) testing is essential for ensuring web application quality. However, manual test creation is time-consuming, and current test generation techniques produce incoherent tests. In this paper, we present AutoE2E, a novel…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Parsa Alian , Noor Nashid , Mobina Shahbandeh , Taha Shabani , Ali Mesbah

Reasoning-augmented search agents, such as Search-R1, are trained to reason, search, and generate the final answer iteratively. Nevertheless, due to their limited capabilities in reasoning and search, their performance on multi-hop QA…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Shu Zhao , Tan Yu , Anbang Xu

Testing web forms is an essential activity for ensuring the quality of web applications. It typically involves evaluating the interactions between users and forms. Automated test-case generation remains a challenge for web-form testing: Due…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Tao Li , Chenhui Cui , Rubing Huang , Dave Towey , Lei Ma

Inability of the naive users to formulate appropriate queries is a fundamental problem in web search engines. Therefore, assisting users to issue more effective queries is an important way to improve users' happiness. One effective approach…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-07-03 Amir H. Jadidinejad

Background: Academic search engines (i.e., digital libraries and indexers) play an increasingly important role in systematic reviews however these engines do not seem to effectively support such reviews, e.g., researchers confront usability…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Zheng Li , Austen Rainer

Large language models (LLMs) have been widely integrated into information retrieval to advance traditional techniques. However, effectively enabling LLMs to seek accurate knowledge in complex tasks remains a challenge due to the complexity…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Zhengliang Shi , Lingyong Yan , Dawei Yin , Suzan Verberne , Maarten de Rijke , Zhaochun Ren

Deep Research systems based on web agents have shown strong potential in solving complex information-seeking tasks, yet their search efficiency remains underexplored. We observe that many state-of-the-art open-source web agents rely on long…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Junjie Wang , Zequn Xie , Dan Yang , Jie Feng , Yue Shen , Duolin Sun , Meixiu Long , Yihan Jiao , Zhehao Tan , Jian Wang , Peng Wei , Jinjie Gu

Reinforcement learning approaches have long appealed to the data management community due to their ability to learn to control dynamic behavior from raw system performance. Recent successes in combining deep neural networks with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-08-27 Michael Schaarschmidt , Alexander Kuhnle , Ben Ellis , Kai Fricke , Felix Gessert , Eiko Yoneki

The increasing demand for reliable Web applications gives a central role to Web testing. Most of the existing works are focused on the definition of novel testing techniques, specifically tailored to the Web. However, no attempt was carried…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2010-06-24 T. Deenadayalan , V. Kavitha , S. Rajarajeswari

Users browsing the web daily struggle to quickly locate relevant information in cluttered pages, complete unfamiliar multi-step tasks, and stay focused amid distracting content. State-of-the-art AI assistants (e.g., ChatGPT, Gemini, Claude)…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Tin Nguyen , Thang T. Truong , Runtao Zhou , Trung Bui , Chirag Agarwal , Anh Totti Nguyen
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