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The increased proliferation of abusive content on social media platforms has a negative impact on online users. The dread, dislike, discomfort, or mistrust of lesbian, gay, transgender or bisexual persons is defined as…

The ability to quantify incivility online, in news and in congressional debates, is of great interest to political scientists. Computational tools for detecting online incivility for English are now fairly accessible and potentially could…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Anushree Hede , Oshin Agarwal , Linda Lu , Diana C. Mutz , Ani Nenkova

Automatic toxic language detection is critical for creating safe, inclusive online spaces. However, it is a highly subjective task, with perceptions of toxic language shaped by community norms and lived experience. Existing toxicity…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Ashima Suvarna , Christina Chance , Karolina Naranjo , Hamid Palangi , Sophie Hao , Thomas Hartvigsen , Saadia Gabriel

Target-group detection is the task of detecting which group(s) a piece of content is ``directed at or about''. Applications include targeted marketing, content recommendation, and group-specific content assessment. Key challenges include:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Soumyajit Gupta , Maria De-Arteaga , Matthew Lease

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved impressive results across a range of natural language processing tasks, but their potential to generate harmful content has raised serious safety concerns. Current toxicity detectors primarily rely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Zhiqiang Kou , Junyang Chen , Xin-Qiang Cai , Ming-Kun Xie , Biao Liu , Changwei Wang , Lei Feng , Yuheng Jia , Gang Niu , Masashi Sugiyama , Xin Geng

Online hate speech is a recent problem in our society that is rising at a steady pace by leveraging the vulnerabilities of the corresponding regimes that characterise most social media platforms. This phenomenon is primarily fostered by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-05 Ioannis Mollas , Zoe Chrysopoulou , Stamatis Karlos , Grigorios Tsoumakas

State-of-the-art conversational AI systems raise concerns due to their potential risks of generating unsafe, toxic, unethical, or dangerous content. Previous works have developed datasets to teach conversational agents the appropriate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Souvik Das , Rohini K. Srihari

The rise of social media has been argued to intensify uncivil and hostile online political discourse. Yet, to date, there is a lack of clarity on what incivility means in the political sphere. In this work, we utilize a multidimensional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Sagi Pendzel , Nir Lotan , Alon Zoizner , Einat Minkov

Toxic speech detection has become a crucial challenge in maintaining safe online communication environments. However, existing approaches to toxic speech detection often neglect the contribution of paralinguistic cues, such as emotion,…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Zhongjie Ba , Liang Yi , Peng Cheng , Qingcao Li , Qinglong Wang , Li Lu

In today's digital world, social media plays a significant role in facilitating communication and content sharing. However, the exponential rise in user-generated content has led to challenges in maintaining a respectful online environment.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Mohammad Dehghani

Developing robust and fair AI systems require datasets with comprehensive set of labels that can help ensure the validity and legitimacy of relevant measurements. Recent efforts, therefore, focus on collecting person-related datasets that…

Public entities such as companies and politicians increasingly use online social networks to communicate directly with their constituencies. Often, this public messaging is aimed at aligning the entity with a particular cause or issue, such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-07 Zhao Wang , Jennifer Cutler , Aron Culotta

Social media conversations frequently suffer from toxicity, creating significant issues for users, moderators, and entire communities. Events in the real world, like elections or conflicts, can initiate and escalate toxic behavior online.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Wondimagegnhue Tsegaye Tufa , Ilia Markov , Piek Vossen

Condescending language use is caustic; it can bring dialogues to an end and bifurcate communities. Thus, systems for condescension detection could have a large positive impact. A challenge here is that condescension is often impossible to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-26 Zijian Wang , Christopher Potts

Computational social science research has made advances in machine learning and natural language processing that support content moderators in detecting harmful content. These advances often rely on training datasets annotated by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-28 Angela Schöpke-Gonzalez , Siqi Wu , Sagar Kumar , Paul J. Resnick , Libby Hemphill

The quality of natural language texts in fine-tuning datasets plays a critical role in the performance of generative models, particularly in computational creativity tasks such as poem or song lyric generation. Fluency defects in generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Ilya Koziev

Recommenders are significantly shaping online information consumption. While effective at personalizing content, these systems increasingly face criticism for propagating irrelevant, unwanted, and even harmful recommendations. Such content…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Giovanni De Toni , Erasmo Purificato , Emilia Gómez , Bruno Lepri , Andrea Passerini , Cristian Consonni

Hate speech is a challenging issue plaguing the online social media. While better models for hate speech detection are continuously being developed, there is little research on the bias and interpretability aspects of hate speech. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-13 Binny Mathew , Punyajoy Saha , Seid Muhie Yimam , Chris Biemann , Pawan Goyal , Animesh Mukherjee

Toxic language detection systems often falsely flag text that contains minority group mentions as toxic, as those groups are often the targets of online hate. Such over-reliance on spurious correlations also causes systems to struggle with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-15 Thomas Hartvigsen , Saadia Gabriel , Hamid Palangi , Maarten Sap , Dipankar Ray , Ece Kamar

Toxic comment classification models are often found biased toward identity terms which are terms characterizing a specific group of people such as "Muslim" and "black". Such bias is commonly reflected in false-positive predictions, i.e.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Zhixue Zhao , Ziqi Zhang , Frank Hopfgartner