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This paper proposes a multi-level cooperative architecture to balance the spectral efficiency and scalability of cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. In the proposed architecture, spatial expansion units (SEUs)…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-02-17 Jiamin Li , Xiaoyu Sun , Pengcheng Zhu , Dongming Wang , Xiaohu You

Cell-Free Massive Multiple-input Multiple-output (mMIMO) consists of many access points (APs) in a coverage area that jointly serve the users. These systems can significantly reduce the interference among the users compared to conventional…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Abbas Khalili , Alexei Ashikhmin , Hong Yang

In this paper, we investigate cell-free massive MIMO (CF-mMIMO) systems in which access points (APs) are equipped with fluid antennas (FAs) and develop a comprehensive framework for channel estimation, antenna port selection, and uplink…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Maryam Olyaee , Giovanni Interdonato , Stefano Buzzi

Ultra network densification and Massive MIMO are considered major 5G enablers since they promise huge capacity gains by exploiting proximity, spectral and spatial reuse benefits. Both approaches rely on increasing the number of access…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2015-04-10 Antonis G. Gotsis , Stelios Stefanatos , Angeliki Alexiou

We consider a cell-free Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system and investigate the system performance for the case when the quantized version of the estimated channel and the quantized received signal are available at the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-02-09 Manijeh Bashar , Kanapathippillai Cumanan , Alister G. Burr , Hien Quoc Ngo , Merouane Debbah

This paper considers a cell-free massive multipleinput multiple-output (MIMO) integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system, where distributed MIMO access points (APs) are used to jointly serve the communication users and detect the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Mohamed Elfiatoure , Mohammadali Mohammadi , Hien Quoc Ngo , Michail Matthaiou

In traditional cellular networks, users at the cell edge often suffer from poor quality of service (QoS) due to large distance-dependent path loss and severe inter-cell interference. While cell-free (CF) massive multi-input multi-out (MIMO)…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Wei Jiang , Hans Dieter Schotten

In this paper, we optimize user scheduling, power allocation and beamforming in distributed multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) networks implementing user-centric clustering. We study both the coherent and non-coherent transmission modes,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-08-16 Hussein A. Ammar , Raviraj Adve , Shahram Shahbazpanahi , Gary Boudreau , Kothapalli Venkata Srinivas

This paper takes a new look at Cell-free Massive MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) through the lens of the dynamic cooperation cluster framework from the Network MIMO literature. The purpose is to identify and address scalability issues…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-06-27 Emil Björnson , Luca Sanguinetti

This letter focuses on the problem of pilot assignment in cell-free massive MIMO systems. Exploiting the well-known Hungarian algorithms, two procedures are proposed, one maximizing the system throughput, and the other one maximizing the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-08-27 Stefano Buzzi , Carmen D'Andrea , Maria Fresia , Yong-Ping Zhang , Shulan Feng

With the evolution of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology toward extremely large (XL) MIMO systems comprising hundreds of, or more, antennas, this work investigates scalable and fronthaul-efficient reception design for the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-24 Dogon Kim , Hyunmin Noh , Seok-Hwan Park

To relieve the stress on channel estimation and decoding complexity in cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, user grouping problem is investigated in this paper, where access points (APs) based on time-division…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-07-28 Fengqian Guo , Hancheng Lu , Zhuojia Gu

We investigate the coexistence of underlay spectrum sharing in cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. A primary system with geographically distributed primary access points (P-APs) serves a multitude of primary…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-04-21 Diluka Loku Galappaththige , Gayan Amarasuriya Aruma Baduge

Cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) employs a large number of distributed access points (APs) to serve a small number of user equipments (UEs) via the same time/frequency resource. Due to the strong macro diversity gain,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-11-23 Jiayi Zhang , Jing Zhang , Derrick Wing Kwan Ng , Shi Jin , Bo Ai

For small cell technology to significantly increase the capacity of tower-based cellular networks, mobile users will need to be actively pushed onto the more lightly loaded tiers (corresponding to, e.g., pico and femtocells), even if they…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2012-11-19 Qiaoyang Ye , Beiyu Rong , Yudong Chen , Mazin Al-Shalash , Constantine Caramanis , Jeffrey G. Andrews

Cell-free massive MIMO systems have promising data rate and uniform coverage gains. These systems, however, typically rely on optical fiber based fronthaul for the communication between the central processing unit (CPU) and the distributed…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-08-09 Umut Demirhan , Ahmed Alkhateeb

Cell-free Massive MIMO (mMIMO) is envisaged to be a next-generation technology beyond 5G with its high spectral efficiency and superior spatial diversity as compared to that of conventional MIMO technology. The main principle is that many…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-03-09 Zakir Hussain Shaik , Emil Björnson , Erik G. Larsson

In this paper, we consider the uplink of cell-free massive MIMO systems, where a large number of distributed single antenna access points (APs) serve a much smaller number of users simultaneously via limited backhaul. For the first time, we…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-22 Qinhui Huang , Alister Burr

This paper considers the problem of beam alignment in a cell-free massive MIMO deployment with multiple access points (APs) and multiple user equipments (UEs) simultaneously operating in the same millimeter wave frequency band. Assuming the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Stefano Buzzi , Carmen D'Andrea , Maria Fresia , Xiaofeng Wu

Cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (CFmMIMO) is a paradigm that can improve users' spectral efficiency (SE) far beyond traditional cellular networks. Increased spatial diversity in CFmMIMO is achieved by spreading the antennas…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-01 Vida Ranjbar , Robbert Beerten , Marc Moonen , Sofie Pollin