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A novel paradigm for sorting is introduced, based upon resetting. Using simple examples, we demonstrate that sorting is achieved by resetting the velocity component(s) or orientation of the particles, rather than position. The objects to be…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-03-23 Bart Cleuren , Ralf Eichhorn

Consider a permutation p to be any finite list of distinct positive integers. A statistic is a function St whose domain is all permutations. Let S(p,q) be the set of shuffles of two disjoint permutations p and q. We say that St is shuffle…

We explore various techniques to compress a permutation $\pi$ over n integers, taking advantage of ordered subsequences in $\pi$, while supporting its application $\pi$(i) and the application of its inverse $\pi^{-1}(i)$ in small time. Our…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2009-02-09 Jérémy Barbay , Gonzalo Navarro

Permutations are usually enumerated by size, but new results can be found by enumerating them by inversions instead, in which case one must restrict one's attention to indecomposable permutations. In the style of the seminal paper by Simion…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Atli Fannar Franklín , Anders Claesson , Christian Bean , Henning Úlfarsson , Jay Pantone

We apply ideas from the cluster method to q-count the permutations of a multiset according to the number of occurrences of certain generalized patterns, as defined by Babson and Steingrimsson. In particular, we consider those patterns with…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-06-01 Andrew M. Baxter

Following the footprints of what have been done with the algorithm Stacksort, we investigate the preimages of the map associated with a slightly less well known algorithm, called Queuesort. After having described an equivalent version of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-02-16 Lapo Cioni , Luca Ferrari

A permutation array $A$ is a set of permutations on a finite set $\Omega$, say of size $n$. Given distinct permutations $\pi, \sigma\in \Omega$, we let $hd(\pi, \sigma) = |\{ x\in \Omega: \pi(x) \ne \sigma(x) \}|$, called the Hamming…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-09-12 Sergey Bereg , Zevi Miller , Luis Gerardo Mojica , Linda Morales , I. H. Sudborough

We investigate distributed memory parallel sorting algorithms that scale to the largest available machines and are robust with respect to input size and distribution of the input elements. The main outcome is that four sorting algorithms…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-01-17 Michael Axtmann , Peter Sanders

We investigate the mathematics behind unshuffles, a type of card shuffle closely related to classical perfect shuffles. To perform an unshuffle, deal all the cards alternately into two piles and then stack the one pile on top of the other.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-10-09 Cornelia A. Van Cott , Katie Wang

The aim of this paper is to study a whole class of first order differential inclusions, which fit into the framework of perturbed sweeping process by uniformly prox-regular sets. After obtaining well-posedness results, we propose a…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2009-10-14 Juliette Venel

We prove that the set of permutations sorted by a stack of depth $t \geq 3$ and an infinite stack in series has infinite basis, by constructing an infinite antichain. This answers an open question on identifying the point at which, in a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-01-03 Murray Elder , Yoong Kuan Goh

Sorting and permutation learning are key concepts in optimization and machine learning, especially when organizing high-dimensional data into meaningful spatial layouts. The Gumbel-Sinkhorn method, while effective, requires N*N parameters…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Kai Uwe Barthel , Florian Barthel , Peter Eisert

We study sorting in the evolving data model, introduced by [AKMU11], where the true total order changes while the sorting algorithm is processing the input. More precisely, each comparison operation of the algorithm is followed by a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-09-24 George Giakkoupis , Marcos Kiwi , Dimitrios Los

Prior work studies the question of ``fairly'' ordering transactions in a replicated state machine. Each of $n$ replicas receives transactions in a possibly different order, and the system must aggregate the observed orderings into a single…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Geoffrey Ramseyer , Ashish Goel

We introduce a guessing game, permutation Wordle, in which a guesser attempts to recover a hidden permutation in $S_n$. In each round, the guesser guesses a permutation (using information from previous rounds) and is told which entries of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-27 Samuel A. Kutin , Lawren M. Smithline

We use an interesting result of probabilistic flavor concerning the product of two permutations consisting of one cycle each to find an explicit formula for the average number of block interchanges needed to sort a permutation of length…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-11-06 Miklos Bona , Ryan Flynn

In the 60's, Knuth introduced stack-sorting and serial compositions of stacks. In particular, one significant question arise out of the work of Knuth: how to decide efficiently if a given permutation is sortable with 2 stacks in series?…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2013-03-20 Adeline Pierrot , Dominique Rossin

Given a permutation pi, the application of prefix reversal f^(i) to pi reverses the order of the first i elements of pi. The problem of Sorting By Prefix Reversals (also known as pancake flipping), made famous by Gates and Papadimitriou…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Cor Hurkens , Leo van Iersel , Judith Keijsper , Steven Kelk , Leen Stougie , John Tromp

We present a deterministic comparison-based algorithm that sorts sequences avoiding a fixed permutation $\pi$ in linear time, even if $\pi$ is a priori unkown. Moreover, the dependence of the multiplicative constant on the pattern $\pi$…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Michal Opler

We determine the maximal number of steps required to sort $n$ labeled points on a circle by adjacent swaps. Lower bounds for sorting by all swaps, not necessarily adjacent, are given as well.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-07 Ron M. Adin , Noga Alon , Yuval Roichman