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Uncertainty estimation in Neural Networks (NNs) is vital in improving reliability and confidence in predictions, particularly in safety-critical applications. Bayesian Neural Networks (BayNNs) with Dropout as an approximation offer a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Soyed Tuhin Ahmed , Kamal Danouchi , Michael Hefenbrock , Guillaume Prenat , Lorena Anghel , Mehdi B. Tahoori

We show that dropout training is best understood as performing MAP estimation concurrently for a family of conditional models whose objectives are themselves lower bounded by the original dropout objective. This discovery allows us to pick…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-09-28 Gábor Melis , Charles Blundell , Tomáš Kočiský , Karl Moritz Hermann , Chris Dyer , Phil Blunsom

Bayesian Inference offers principled tools to tackle many critical problems with modern neural networks such as poor calibration and generalization, and data inefficiency. However, scaling Bayesian inference to large architectures is…

Uncertainty quantification is a critical aspect of reinforcement learning and deep learning, with numerous applications ranging from efficient exploration and stable offline reinforcement learning to outlier detection in medical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Moritz A. Zanger , Pascal R. Van der Vaart , Wendelin Böhmer , Matthijs T. J. Spaan

An important problem in training deep networks with high capacity is to ensure that the trained network works well when presented with new inputs outside the training dataset. Dropout is an effective regularization technique to boost the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-12-06 Mostafa Rahmani , George Atia

Marginalising out uncertain quantities within the internal representations or parameters of neural networks is of central importance for a wide range of learning techniques, such as empirical, variational or full Bayesian methods. We set…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-07-21 Justin Bayer , Maximilian Karl , Daniela Korhammer , Patrick van der Smagt

Uncertainty-aware semantic segmentation of the point clouds includes the predictive uncertainty estimation and the uncertainty-guided model optimization. One key challenge in the task is the efficiency of point-wise predictive distribution…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-20 Chao Qi , Jianqin Yin

The success of the machine learning field has reliably depended on training on large datasets. While effective, this trend comes at an extraordinary cost. This is due to two deeply intertwined factors: the size of models and the size of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Shriram M Sathiyanarayanan , Xinyue Hao , Shihao Hou , Yang Lu , Laura Sevilla-Lara , Anurag Arnab , Shreyank N Gowda

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) stand at the forefront of many recent developments in deep learning. Yet a major difficulty with these models is their tendency to overfit, with dropout shown to fail when applied to recurrent layers. Recent…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-10-06 Yarin Gal , Zoubin Ghahramani

Dropout has been commonly used to quantify prediction uncertainty, i.e, the variations of model predictions on a given input example. However, using dropout in practice can be expensive as it requires running dropout inferences many times.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Haichao Yu , Zhe Chen , Dong Lin , Gil Shamir , Jie Han

Dropout is often used in deep neural networks to prevent over-fitting. Conventionally, dropout training invokes \textit{random drop} of nodes from the hidden layers of a Neural Network. It is our hypothesis that a guided selection of nodes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-11 Rohit Keshari , Richa Singh , Mayank Vatsa

Existing ML models are known to be highly over-parametrized, and use significantly more resources than required for a given task. Prior work has explored compressing models offline, such as by distilling knowledge from larger models into…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Julian Knodt

Due to lack of data, overfitting ubiquitously exists in real-world applications of deep neural networks (DNNs). We propose advanced dropout, a model-free methodology, to mitigate overfitting and improve the performance of DNNs. The advanced…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-11 Jiyang Xie , Zhanyu Ma , and Jianjun Lei , Guoqiang Zhang , Jing-Hao Xue , Zheng-Hua Tan , Jun Guo

Deep neural networks have amply demonstrated their prowess but estimating the reliability of their predictions remains challenging. Deep Ensembles are widely considered as being one of the best methods for generating uncertainty estimates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-28 Nikita Durasov , Timur Bagautdinov , Pierre Baque , Pascal Fua

Accurate uncertainty estimation is crucial for deploying neural networks in risk-sensitive applications such as medical diagnosis. Monte Carlo Dropout is a widely used technique for approximating predictive uncertainty by performing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Tal Zeevi , Ravid Shwartz-Ziv , Yann LeCun , Lawrence H. Staib , John A. Onofrey

Deep neural networks have shown great success in prediction quality while reliable and robust uncertainty estimation remains a challenge. Predictive uncertainty supplements model predictions and enables improved functionality of downstream…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-02 Johanna Rock , Tiago Azevedo , René de Jong , Daniel Ruiz-Muñoz , Partha Maji

This paper examines the pivotal role of dropout techniques in mitigating overfitting in language model training. It conducts a comprehensive investigation into the influence of variable dropout rates on both individual layers and residual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Qingyang Li , Weimao Ke

Multi-layer neural networks have lead to remarkable performance on many kinds of benchmark tasks in text, speech and image processing. Nonlinear parameter estimation in hierarchical models is known to be subject to overfitting and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-11 Noah Frazier-Logue , Stephen José Hanson

Dropout is a regularization technique widely used in training artificial neural networks to mitigate overfitting. It consists of dynamically deactivating subsets of the network during training to promote more robust representations. Despite…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-10 Francesco Mori , Francesca Mignacco

Speculative decoding accelerates large language model inference by proposing tokens with a lightweight draft model and selectively accepting them using a target model. This work introduces DropMatch, a novel approach that matches draft…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Jeongtae Lee , Minjung Jo , Hyunjoon Jeong , Gunho Park , Sunghyeon Woo , Joonghoon Kim , Se Jung Kwon , Dongsoo Lee