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Related papers: Off-Belief Learning

200 papers

Online decision making under uncertainty in partially observable domains, also known as Belief Space Planning, is a fundamental problem in robotics and Artificial Intelligence. Due to an abundance of plausible future unravelings,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-15 Andrey Zhitnikov , Vadim Indelman

Search is an important tool for computing effective policies in single- and multi-agent environments, and has been crucial for achieving superhuman performance in several benchmark fully and partially observable games. However, one major…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-18 Hengyuan Hu , Adam Lerer , Noam Brown , Jakob Foerster

Preference learning (PL) with large language models (LLMs) aims to align the LLMs' generations with human preferences. Previous work on reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) has demonstrated promising results in in-distribution…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Chen Jia

Online planning has proven effective in reinforcement learning (RL) for improving sample efficiency and final performance. However, using planning for environment interaction inevitably introduces a divergence between the collected data and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Guojian Zhan , Likun Wang , Xiangteng Zhang , Jiaxin Gao , Masayoshi Tomizuka , Shengbo Eben Li

Developing accurate off-policy estimators is crucial for both evaluating and optimizing for new policies. The main challenge in off-policy estimation is the distribution shift between the logging policy that generates data and the target…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Noveen Sachdeva , Lequn Wang , Dawen Liang , Nathan Kallus , Julian McAuley

Social agents with finitely nested opponent models are vulnerable to manipulation by agents with deeper recursive capabilities. This imbalance, rooted in logic and the theory of recursive modelling frameworks, cannot be solved directly. We…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Nitay Alon , Joseph M. Barnby , Stefan Sarkadi , Lion Schulz , Jeffrey S. Rosenschein , Peter Dayan

Continual Learning (CL) considers the problem of training an agent sequentially on a set of tasks while seeking to retain performance on all previous tasks. A key challenge in CL is catastrophic forgetting, which arises when performance on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-16 Samuel Kessler , Jack Parker-Holder , Philip Ball , Stefan Zohren , Stephen J. Roberts

This paper extends the framework of partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs) to multi-agent settings by incorporating the notion of agent models into the state space. Agents maintain beliefs over physical states of the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-09-13 P. Doshi , P. J. Gmytrasiewicz

Most of the policy evaluation algorithms are based on the theories of Bellman Expectation and Optimality Equation, which derive two popular approaches - Policy Iteration (PI) and Value Iteration (VI). However, multi-step bootstrapping is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-16 Yuhui Wang , Qingyuan Wu , Pengcheng He , Xiaoyang Tan

We study offline reinforcement learning under a novel model called strategic MDP, which characterizes the strategic interactions between a principal and a sequence of myopic agents with private types. Due to the bilevel structure and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-08-24 Mengxin Yu , Zhuoran Yang , Jianqing Fan

Deep reinforcement learning algorithms require large amounts of experience to learn an individual task. While in principle meta-reinforcement learning (meta-RL) algorithms enable agents to learn new skills from small amounts of experience,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-21 Kate Rakelly , Aurick Zhou , Deirdre Quillen , Chelsea Finn , Sergey Levine

Massive reinforcement learning (RL) data are typically collected to train policies offline without the need for interactions, but the large data volume can cause training inefficiencies. To tackle this issue, we formulate offline behavior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Shiye Lei , Sen Zhang , Dacheng Tao

We study the problem of off-policy value evaluation in reinforcement learning (RL), where one aims to estimate the value of a new policy based on data collected by a different policy. This problem is often a critical step when applying RL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-05-27 Nan Jiang , Lihong Li

We study off-dynamics offline reinforcement learning, where the goal is to learn a policy from offline source and limited target datasets with mismatched dynamics. Existing methods either penalize the reward or discard source transitions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Yihong Guo , Yu Yang , Pan Xu , Anqi Liu

The traditional approach to POMDPs is to convert them into fully observed MDPs by considering a belief state as an information state. However, a belief-state based approach requires perfect knowledge of the system dynamics and is therefore…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-01 Amit Sinha , Aditya Mahajan

Reinforcement Learning aims at identifying and evaluating efficient control policies from data. In many real-world applications, the learner is not allowed to experiment and cannot gather data in an online manner (this is the case when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Daniele Foffano , Alessio Russo , Alexandre Proutiere

A precondition for the deployment of a Reinforcement Learning agent to a real-world system is to provide guarantees on the learning process. While a learning algorithm will eventually converge to a good policy, there are no guarantees on…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-12-27 Paul Daoudi , Mathias Formoso , Othman Gaizi , Achraf Azize , Evrard Garcelon

This work investigates multi-objective imitation learning: the problem of recovering policies that lie on the Pareto front given demonstrations from multiple Pareto-optimal experts in a Multi-Objective Markov Decision Process (MOMDP).…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Ziyad Sheebaelhamd , Luca Viano , Volkan Cevher , Claire Vernade

Large-scale data is crucial for learning realistic and capable driving policies. However, it can be impractical to rely on scaling datasets with real data alone. The majority of driving data is uninteresting, and deliberately collecting new…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Chris Zhang , Sourav Biswas , Kelvin Wong , Kion Fallah , Lunjun Zhang , Dian Chen , Sergio Casas , Raquel Urtasun

We study finite normal-form games in which payoffs are subject to random perturbations and players face uncertainty about how these shocks co-move across actions, an ambiguity that naturally arises when only realized (not counterfactual)…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-02-12 Yu Gui , Bahar Taşkesen