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In this study we determine scaling relationships of observed solar flares that can be used to predict upper limits of the GOES-class magnitude of solar flares. The flare prediction scheme is based on the scaling of the slowly-varying…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-07-15 Markus J. Aschwanden

In this paper we shed light on late time (i.e. with peak time t_{pk} \gtrsim 1000 s) flaring activity. We address the morphology and energetic of flares in the window \sim 10^3-10^6 s to put constraints on the temporal evolution of the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-18 M. G. Bernardini , R. Margutti , G. Chincarini , C. Guidorzi , J. Mao

We aim to better characterize the conditions of the solar corona, especially with respect to the occurrence of confined and eruptive flares. In this work, we model the coronal evolution around 231 large flares observed during solar cycle…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-01-29 Julia K. Thalmann , Manu Gupta , Astrid M. Veronig , Yang Liu

A number of methods of flare prediction rely on classification of physical characteristics of an active region, in particular optical classification of sunspots, and historical rates of flaring for a given classification. However these…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 M. S. Wheatland

Many questions have to be answered before understanding the relationship between the emerging magnetic flux through the solar surface and the extreme geoeffective events. Which threshold determines the onset of the eruption? What is the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2017-08-08 Brigitte Schmieder

The strong correlation between energy injection and mid-infrared (mid-IR) emission observed during solar flares can be used to probe energy deposition throughout the chromosphere, since the IR tracks prompt flare-induced changes in electron…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-08 Miguel Rojas-Quesada , Lyndsay Fletcher , Hugh Hudson , Sargam M. Mulay , Paulo J. A. Simoes

We investigate the X-ray and UV emission detected by RHESSI and TRACE in the context of a solar flare on the 16th November 2002 with the goal of better understanding the evolution of the flare. We analysed the characteristics of the X-ray…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-11 Hamish A. S. Reid , Nicole Vilmer , Guillaume Aulanier , Etienne Pariat

Solar flares not only pose risks to outer space technologies and astronauts' well being, but also cause disruptions on earth to our hight-tech, interconnected infrastructure our lives highly depend on. While a number of machine-learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-16 Junzhi Wen , Md Reazul Islam , Azim Ahmadzadeh , Rafal A. Angryk

Earth's ionosphere is a perpetual detector of ionizing radiation received from celestial objects, particularly the Sun. Solar ionizing radiation in the form of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and X-rays during both quiet and active phase of the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-22 Sourav Palit , Subhajit Bhattacharyya , Taraknath Bera , Sandip K. Chakrabarti

The energy and spectral shape of radio bursts may help us understand the generation mechanism of solar eruptions, including solar flares, CMEs, eruptive filaments, and various scales of jets. The different kinds of flares may have different…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2022-01-05 Chengming Tan , Karl-Ludwig Klein , Yihua Yan , Satoshi Masuda , Baolin Tan , Jing Huang , Guowu Yuan

Solar flares (SFs) are sudden brightening observed over the Sun surface which is associated with a large energy release. Flares with burst of Xray emission are normally followed by a mass ejection of electrons and ions from the solar…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2022-02-03 Kamsali Nagaraja , Praveen Kumar Basuvaraj , S. C. Chakravarty

We describe a new tool developed for solar flare forecasting on the base of some sunspot group properties. Assuming that the flare frequency follows the Poisson statistics, this tool uses a database containing the morphological…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2019-05-16 M. Falco , P. Costa , P. Romano

Dust storms are common in arid zones on the earth and others planets such as Mars. The impact of dust storms on solar radiation has significant implications for solar power plants and autonomous vehicles powered by solar panels. This paper…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2018-09-03 B. Ravindra

Solar flares stronger than X10 (S-flares, >X10) are the highest class flares which significantly impact on the Sun's evolution and space weather. Based on observations of Geostationary Orbiting Environmental Satellites (GOES) at soft X-ray…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-01-10 Baolin Tan , Yin Zhang , Jing Huang , Kaifan Ji

Solar flares observed in the 200-400 GHz radio domain may exhibit a slowly varying and time-extended component which follows a short (few minutes) impulsive phase and which lasts for a few tens of minutes to more than one hour. The few…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2011-11-21 G. Trottet , J. -P. Raulin , G. Giménez de Castro , T. Lüthi , A. Caspi , C. H. Mandrini , M. L. Luoni , P. Kaufmann

Automated forecasts serve important role in space weather science, by providing statistical insights to flare-trigger mechanisms, and by enabling tailor-made forecasts and high-frequency forecasts. Only by realtime forecast we can…

Large solar flares occasionally trigger significant space-weather disturbances that affect the technological infrastructures of modern civilization, and therefore require further investigation. Although these solar flares have been…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-10-06 Keitarou Matsumoto , Satoshi Masuda , Masumi Shimojo , Hisashi Hayakawa

Among several heliophysical and geophysical quantities, the accurate evolution of the solar irradiance is fundamental to forecast the evolution of the neutral and ionized components of the Earth's atmosphere.We developed an artificial…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2011-11-23 Luis Eduardo A. Vieira , Thierry Dudok de Wit , Matthieu Kretzschmar

Solar flares are currently understood as the explosive release of energy stored in the form of stressed magnetic fields. In many cases, the released energy seems to take the form of large numbers of electrons accelerated to high energies or…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2010-05-18 George H. Fisher

Solar flares are transient yet dramatic events in the atmosphere of the Sun, during which a vast amount of magnetic energy is liberated. This energy is subsequently transported through the solar atmosphere or into the heliosphere, and…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2022-12-14 Graham S. Kerr