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While many production-ready and robust algorithms are available for the task of recommendation systems, many of these systems do not take the order of user's consumption into account. The order of consumption can be very useful and matters…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Mehdi Soleiman Nejad , Meysam Varasteh , Hadi Moradi , Mohammad Amin Sadeghi

Phase transitions mark qualitative reorganizations of collective behavior, yet identifying their boundaries remains challenging whenever analytic solutions are absent and conventional simulations fail. Here we introduce learnability as a…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-10-10 Şener Özönder

Attention based language models have become a critical component in state-of-the-art natural language processing systems. However, these models have significant computational requirements, due to long training times, dense operations and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-11 Ivan Chelombiev , Daniel Justus , Douglas Orr , Anastasia Dietrich , Frithjof Gressmann , Alexandros Koliousis , Carlo Luschi

Transformer-based models have achieved remarkable success in multivariate time series forecasting (MTSF) by capturing long-range dependencies. However, their widespread adoption is hindered by the quadratic computational complexity of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Fanpu Cao , Shu Yang , Zhengjian Chen , Ye Liu , Laizhong Cui

Transformer models are not only successful in natural language processing (NLP) but also demonstrate high potential in computer vision (CV). Despite great advance, most of works only focus on improvement of architectures but pay little…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-21 Jiangtao Xie , Ruiren Zeng , Qilong Wang , Ziqi Zhou , Peihua Li

After their initial success in natural language processing, transformer architectures have rapidly gained traction in computer vision, providing state-of-the-art results for tasks such as image classification, detection, segmentation, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-21 Hugo Touvron , Matthieu Cord , Alaaeldin El-Nouby , Jakob Verbeek , Hervé Jégou

While large language models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive capabilities across numerous applications, their robustness remains a critical concern. This paper is motivated by a specific vulnerability: the order sensitivity of LLMs. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Beni Egressy , Jan Stühmer

Large language models (LLMs) face inherent performance bottlenecks under parameter constraints, particularly in processing critical tokens that demand complex reasoning. Empirical analysis reveals challenging tokens induce abrupt gradient…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Yilong Chen , Junyuan Shang , Zhenyu Zhang , Yanxi Xie , Jiawei Sheng , Tingwen Liu , Shuohuan Wang , Yu Sun , Hua Wu , Haifeng Wang

Transformers have achieved great success in effectively processing sequential data such as text. Their architecture consisting of several attention and feedforward blocks can model relations between elements of a sequence in parallel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Jaemu Heo , Eldor Fozilov , Hyunmin Song , Taehwan Kim

Transformer has been applied in the field of computer vision due to its excellent performance in natural language processing, surpassing traditional convolutional neural networks and achieving new state-of-the-art. ViT divides an image into…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Yuang Liu , Zhiheng Qiu , Xiaokai Qin

While Transformers have achieved remarkable success in LLMs through superior scalability, their application in industrial-scale ranking models remains nascent, hindered by the challenges of high feature sparsity and low label density. In…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Chunqi Wang , Bingchao Wu , Taotian Pang , Jiahao Wang , Jie Yang , Jia Liu , Hao Zhang , Hai Zhu , Lei Shen , Shizhun Wang , Bing Wang , Xiaoyi Zeng

Self-attention has emerged as a vital component of state-of-the-art sequence-to-sequence models for natural language processing in recent years, brought to the forefront by pre-trained bi-directional Transformer models. Its effectiveness is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-23 Hyoungwook Nam , Seung Byum Seo , Vikram Sharma Mailthody , Noor Michael , Lan Li

Many machine learning tasks such as multiple instance learning, 3D shape recognition, and few-shot image classification are defined on sets of instances. Since solutions to such problems do not depend on the order of elements of the set,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-28 Juho Lee , Yoonho Lee , Jungtaek Kim , Adam R. Kosiorek , Seungjin Choi , Yee Whye Teh

Endowing visual agents with predictive capability is a key step towards video intelligence at scale. The predominant modeling paradigm for this is sequence learning, mostly implemented through LSTMs. Feed-forward Transformer architectures…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-22 Tsung-Ming Tai , Giuseppe Fiameni , Cheng-Kuang Lee , Oswald Lanz

Several recent works demonstrate that transformers can implement algorithms like gradient descent. By a careful construction of weights, these works show that multiple layers of transformers are expressive enough to simulate iterations of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-13 Kwangjun Ahn , Xiang Cheng , Hadi Daneshmand , Suvrit Sra

Modern pre-trained language models are mostly built upon backbones stacking self-attention and feed-forward layers in an interleaved order. In this paper, beyond this stereotyped layer pattern, we aim to improve pre-trained models by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-28 Weihao Yu , Zihang Jiang , Fei Chen , Qibin Hou , Jiashi Feng

Transformers replace recurrence with a memory that grows with sequence length and self-attention that enables ad-hoc lookups over past tokens. Consequently, they lack an inherent incentive to compress history into compact latent states with…

The predominant approach for language modeling is to process sequences from left to right, but this eliminates a source of information: the order by which the sequence was generated. One strategy to recover this information is to decode…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-01 Xuanlin Li , Brandon Trabucco , Dong Huk Park , Michael Luo , Sheng Shen , Trevor Darrell , Yang Gao

In-context learning is a promising approach for offline reinforcement learning (RL) to handle online tasks, which can be achieved by providing task prompts. Recent works demonstrated that in-context RL could emerge with self-improvement in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Sili Huang , Jifeng Hu , Hechang Chen , Lichao Sun , Bo Yang

Spatial functional organization is a hallmark of biological brains: neurons are arranged topographically according to their response properties, at multiple scales. In contrast, representations within most machine learning models lack…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Taha Binhuraib , Greta Tuckute , Nicholas Blauch