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We introduce a new interpretation of sparse variational approximations for Gaussian processes using inducing points, which can lead to more scalable algorithms than previous methods. It is based on decomposing a Gaussian process as a sum of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-02-27 Jiaxin Shi , Michalis K. Titsias , Andriy Mnih

Gaussian processes (GPs) provide a probabilistic nonparametric representation of functions in regression, classification, and other problems. Unfortunately, exact learning with GPs is intractable for large datasets. A variety of approximate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2010-02-23 Yuan Qi , Ahmed H. Abdel-Gawad , Thomas P. Minka

The application of Gaussian processes (GPs) to large data sets is limited due to heavy memory and computational requirements. A variety of methods has been proposed to enable scalability, one of which is to exploit structure in the kernel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-30 Jan Graßhoff , Alexandra Jankowski , Philipp Rostalski

We introduce stochastic variational inference for Gaussian process models. This enables the application of Gaussian process (GP) models to data sets containing millions of data points. We show how GPs can be vari- ationally decomposed to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-09-27 James Hensman , Nicolo Fusi , Neil D. Lawrence

Standard sparse pseudo-input approximations to the Gaussian process (GP) cannot handle complex functions well. Sparse spectrum alternatives attempt to answer this but are known to over-fit. We suggest the use of variational inference for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-03-23 Yarin Gal , Richard Turner

Gaussian processes (GPs) are non-linear probabilistic models popular in many applications. However, na\"ive GP realizations require quadratic memory to store the covariance matrix and cubic computation to perform inference or evaluate the…

Computation · Statistics 2021-05-03 Amanda Muyskens , Benjamin Priest , Imène Goumiri , Michael Schneider

The proliferation of capable and efficient machine learning (ML) models marks one of the strongest methodological shifts in signal processing (SP) in its nearly 100-year history. ML models support the development of SP systems that…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-01 Daniel Waxman , Fernando Llorente , Petar M. Djurić

Generalized additive models (GAMs) are a widely used class of models of interest to statisticians as they provide a flexible way to design interpretable models of data beyond linear models. We here propose a scalable and well-calibrated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-31 Vincent Adam , Nicolas Durrande , ST John

Sparse variational Gaussian processes (GPs) construct tractable posterior approximations to GP models. At the core of these methods is the assumption that the true posterior distribution over training function values ${\bf f}$ and inducing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Michalis K. Titsias

Sparse pseudo-point approximations for Gaussian process (GP) models provide a suite of methods that support deployment of GPs in the large data regime and enable analytic intractabilities to be sidestepped. However, the field lacks a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-11-15 Thang D. Bui , Cuong V. Nguyen , Richard E. Turner

Gaussian processes (GPs) provide a probabilistic nonparametric representation of functions in regression, classification, and other problems. Unfortunately, exact learning with GPs is intractable for large datasets. A variety of approximate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-03-19 Yuan , Qi , Ahmed H. Abdel-Gawad , Thomas P. Minka

Approximations to Gaussian processes based on inducing variables, combined with variational inference techniques, enable state-of-the-art sparse approaches to infer GPs at scale through mini batch-based learning. In this work, we address…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-07-21 Gia-Lac Tran , Dimitrios Milios , Pietro Michiardi , Maurizio Filippone

Gaussian Process (GPs) models are a rich distribution over functions with inductive biases controlled by a kernel function. Learning occurs through the optimisation of kernel hyperparameters using the marginal likelihood as the objective.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-11-22 Fergus Simpson , Vidhi Lalchand , Carl Edward Rasmussen

Variable selection in Gaussian processes (GPs) is typically undertaken by thresholding the inverse lengthscales of automatic relevance determination kernels, but in high-dimensional datasets this approach can be unreliable. A more…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-02-25 Hugh Dance , Brooks Paige

The combination of inducing point methods with stochastic variational inference has enabled approximate Gaussian Process (GP) inference on large datasets. Unfortunately, the resulting predictive distributions often exhibit substantially…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-12-29 Martin Jankowiak , Geoff Pleiss , Jacob R. Gardner

Deep Gaussian Processes (DGPs) are hierarchical generalizations of Gaussian Processes that combine well calibrated uncertainty estimates with the high flexibility of multilayer models. One of the biggest challenges with these models is that…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-11-13 Marton Havasi , José Miguel Hernández-Lobato , Juan José Murillo-Fuentes

Particle Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods are used to carry out inference in non-linear and non-Gaussian state space models, where the posterior density of the states is approximated using particles. Current approaches usually perform…

Computation · Statistics 2019-09-30 Eduardo F. Mendes , Christopher K. Carter , David Gunawan , Robert Kohn

Gaussian processes (GPs) are an important tool in machine learning and statistics with applications ranging from social and natural science through engineering. They constitute a powerful kernelized non-parametric method with…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-12-20 Manuel Schürch , Dario Azzimonti , Alessio Benavoli , Marco Zaffalon

Gaussian processes (GPs) offer appealing properties but are costly to train at scale. Sparse variational GP (SVGP) approximations reduce cost yet still rely on Cholesky decompositions of kernel matrices, ill-suited to low-precision,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-02 Stefano Cortinovis , Laurence Aitchison , Stefanos Eleftheriadis , Mark van der Wilk

This paper presents a Gaussian process (GP) model for estimating piecewise continuous regression functions. In scientific and engineering applications of regression analysis, the underlying regression functions are piecewise continuous in…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-04-15 Chiwoo Park