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Related papers: Interstellar Objects in the Solar System: 1. Isotr…

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We analytically and numerically investigate the possibility that a still undiscovered body X, moving along an unbound hyperbolic path from outside the solar system, may penetrate its inner regions in the next few years posing a threat to…

Space Physics · Physics 2010-12-23 Lorenzo Iorio

We present a catalogue of distances, masses and ages for $\sim3$ million stars in the second Gaia data release with spectroscopic parameters available from the large spectroscopic surveys: APOGEE, Gaia-ESO, GALAH, LAMOST, RAVE and SEGUE. We…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-09-24 Jason L. Sanders , Payel Das

In August 2019, a second interstellar object 2I/Borisov was discovered 2 years after the discovery of the first known interstellar object, 1I/'Oumuamua. Can we send a spacecraft to this object, using existing technologies? In this paper we…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-11-05 Adam Hibberd , Nikolaos Perakis , Andreas M. Hein

Since July 2014, the ESA Gaia mission has been surveying the entire sky down to magnitude 20.7 in the visible. In addition to the millions of stars, thousands of Solar System Objects (SSOs) are observed daily. By comparing their positions…

Interstellar Objects are comets and asteroids that formed around other stars but were ejected before they could accrete into exoplanets. They therefore represent a rare opportunity to compare the building blocks of planets in the Solar…

2I/Borisov is the first-ever observed interstellar comet (and the second detected interstellar object). It was discovered on 30 August 2019 and has a heliocentric orbital eccentricity of ~ 3.35, corresponding to a hyperbolic orbit that is…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-02-12 Hsing Wen Lin , Chien-Hsiu Lee , David W. Gerdes , Fred C. Adams , Juliette Becker , Kevin Napier , Larissa Markwardt

We studied 12 disk streams found in a 250$^3$ pc$^3$ volume in the solar neighborhood, which we define as coeval and comoving stellar structures with aspect ratios greater than 3:1. Using Gaia Data Release 3 data and the advanced clustering…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-09-11 Sebastian Ratzenböck , João Alves , Emily L. Hunt , Núria Miret-Roig , Stefan Meingast , Torsten Möller

On 31 August 2019, an interstellar comet was discovered as it passed through the Solar System (2I/Borisov). Based on initial imaging observations, 2I/Borisov appeared to be completely similar to ordinary Solar System comets - an unexpected…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-05-20 Piotr Guzik , Michał Drahus

We report on $g$, $r$ and $i$ band observations of the Interstellar Object 'Oumuamua (1I) taken on 2017 October 29 from 04:28 to 08:40 UTC by the Apache Point Observatory (APO) 3.5m telescope's ARCTIC camera. We find that 1I's colors are…

We present a new catalogue of spectrophotometric distances and line-of-sight systemic velocities to 103 HII regions between 90$^{\circ}\leq \ell \leq~$195$^{\circ}$ (longitude quadrants II and part of III). Two new velocities for each…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-10-21 Tyler J. Foster , Christopher M. Brunt

The Pioneer 10 and 11 and Voyager 1 and 2 spacecraft, launched in the 1970s, are heading out of the solar system. Using the astrometric and radial velocity data from the second Gaia data release, we integrate the trajectories of 7.4 million…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-12-10 Coryn A. L. Bailer-Jones , Davide Farnocchia

The recent discovery of the third interstellar object (3I/ATLAS) expands the known census from two to three and significantly improves statistical inferences regarding the underlying galactic population. In this paper, we argue that…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-08-08 Aster G. Taylor , Darryl Z. Seligman

Schneider (2018) explored the possibility that 'Oumuamua is a Solar System object, and concluded that if it is, it must have been scattered by "another, yet unknown planet." I provide an extremely conservative upper limit on post-scattering…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-12-19 Jason T. Wright

Interstellar material has been discovered in our Solar System, yet its origins and details of its transport are unknown. Here we present $\alpha$ Centauri as a case study of the delivery of interstellar material to our Solar System.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-03-10 Cole R. Gregg , Paul A. Wiegert

We use the first Gaia data release, combined with RAVE and APOGEE spectroscopic surveys, to investigate the origin of halo stars within <~3 kpc from the Sun. We identify halo stars kinematically, as moving with a relative speed of at least…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-08-30 Ana Bonaca , Charlie Conroy , Andrew Wetzel , Philip F. Hopkins , Dusan Keres

The interstellar object 3I/ATLAS (also C/2025 N1 (ATLAS), henceforth, 3I), discovered by the ATLAS Chile telescope on 2025 July 1, was rapidly revealed to be the third known interstellar object (ISO) transiting the solar system, with an…

The detection of interstellar bodies passing near the Sun offers the opportunity to observe not just objects similar to those in the solar system, but also unfamiliar objects without solar system analogues. Here I show that Asymptotic Giant…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-01-03 T. Marshall Eubanks

The recently discovered first interstellar object 1I/2017 U1 (`Oumuamua) has brightness that varies by a factor of 10, a range greater than that of any Solar System asteroid, a spectrum characteristic of Type D asteroids, and no evidence of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-05-16 J. I. Katz

If interstellar objects originate in protoplanetary disks, they can be used to calibrate the fraction of mass that such disks eject. The discoveries of interstellar objects 1I/`Oumuamua and 2I/Borisov, taken together with rogue planets…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-09-01 Amir Siraj , Abraham Loeb

We explore the phase-space structure of nearby halo stars identified kinematically from Gaia DR2 data. We focus on their distribution in velocity and in "integrals of motion" space as well as on their photometric properties. Our sample of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-06-27 Helmer H. Koppelman , Amina Helmi , Jovan Veljanoski