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With the rapid progress in quantum hardware and software, the need for verification of quantum systems becomes increasingly crucial. While model checking is a dominant and very successful technique for verifying classical systems, its…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Xin Hong , Dingchao Gao , Sanjiang Li , Shenggang Ying , Mingsheng Ying

Simulating quantum algorithms with classical resources generally requires exponential resources. However, heuristic classical approaches are often very efficient in approximately simulating special circuit structures, for example with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-08-17 Bjarni Jónsson , Bela Bauer , Giuseppe Carleo

Classical simulations of noisy quantum circuits are instrumental to our understanding of the behavior of real-world quantum systems and the identification of regimes where one expects quantum advantage. In this work, we present a highly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-17 Simon Cichy , Paul K. Faehrmann , Lennart Bittel , Jens Eisert , Hakop Pashayan

Due to the unreliability and limited capacity of existing quantum computer prototypes, quantum circuit simulation continues to be a vital tool for validating next generation quantum computers and for studying variational quantum algorithms,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-01 Yipeng Huang , Steven Holtzen , Todd Millstein , Guy Van den Broeck , Margaret Martonosi

In the recent quantum echoes experiment, Google Quantum AI showed that out-of-time-order correlators (OTOCs) for random-circuit time evolution can be measured using a quantum processor more than 10,000x faster than they can be computed to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-20 Pablo Bermejo , Benjamin Villalonga , Brayden Ware , Guifre Vidal , Aaron Szasz

We present a general method for approximately contracting tensor networks with an arbitrary connectivity. This enables us to release the computational power of tensor networks to wide use in inference and learning problems defined on…

Computational Physics · Physics 2020-08-12 Feng Pan , Pengfei Zhou , Sujie Li , Pan Zhang

Linear cross-entropy benchmarking (LXEB) with random quantum circuits is a standard method for evaluating quantum computers. However, LXEB requires classically simulating the ideal output distribution of a given quantum circuit with high…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-24 Takumi Kaneda , Keisuke Fujii , Hiroshi Ueda

We review the recent quantum advantage experiments by IBM, D-Wave, and Google, focusing on cases where efficient classical simulations of the experiment were demonstrated or attempted using tensor network methods. We assess the strengths…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-27 Augustine Kshetrimayum , Saeed S. Jahromi , Sukhbinder Singh , Román Orús

This study introduces a method for simulating quantum systems using electrical networks. Our approach leverages a generalized similarity transformation, which connects different Hamiltonians, enabling well-defined paths for quantum system…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-13 M. Caruso

Circuit knitting offers a promising path to the scalable execution of large quantum circuits by breaking them into smaller sub-circuits whose output is recombined through classical postprocessing. However, current techniques face excessive…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-22 Nathaniel Tornow , Christian B. Mendl , Pramod Bhatotia

We optimize matrix-product state-based algorithms for simulating quantum circuits with finite fidelity, specifically the time-evolving block decimation (TEBD) and the density-matrix renormalization group (DMRG) algorithms, by exploiting the…

We investigate quantum algorithms derived from tensor networks to simulate the static and dynamic properties of quantum many-body systems. Using a sequentially prepared quantum circuit representation of a matrix product state (MPS) that we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-04 Michael L. Wall , Aidan Reilly , John S. Van Dyke , Collin Broholm , Paraj Titum

This paper presents an efficient and scalable tensor network framework for quantum kernel circuit simulation, alleviating practical costs associated with increasing qubit counts and data size. The framework enables systematic large-scale…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-03 Mei Ian Sam , Tai-Yu Li

Machine learning is a promising application of quantum computing, but challenges remain as near-term devices will have a limited number of physical qubits and high error rates. Motivated by the usefulness of tensor networks for machine…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-02-07 William Huggins , Piyush Patel , K. Birgitta Whaley , E. Miles Stoudenmire

Modern quantum optical systems such as photonic quantum computers and quantum imaging devices require great precision in their designs and implementations in the hope to realistically exploit entanglement and reach a real quantum advantage.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-05 Nicolas Allegra

Tensor networks have been successfully applied in simulation of quantum physical systems for decades. Recently, they have also been employed in classical simulation of quantum computing, in particular, random quantum circuits. This paper…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-08 Xin Hong , Xiangzhen Zhou , Sanjiang Li , Yuan Feng , Mingsheng Ying

Consumption of magic states promotes the stabilizer model of computation to universal quantum computation. Here, we propose three different classical algorithms for simulating such universal quantum circuits, and characterize them by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-23 James R. Seddon , Bartosz Regula , Hakop Pashayan , Yingkai Ouyang , Earl T. Campbell

If classical algorithms have been successful in reproducing the estimation of expectation values of observables of some quantum circuits using off-the-shelf computing resources, matching the performance of the most advanced quantum devices…

Recently, various quantum computing and communication tasks have been implemented using IBM's superconductivity-based quantum computers which are available on the cloud. Here, we show that the circuits used in most of those works were not…

The computational power of real-world quantum computers is limited by errors. When using quantum computers to perform algorithms which cannot be efficiently simulated classically, it is important to quantify the accuracy with which the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-18 Avi Vadali , Rutuja Kshirsagar , Prasanth Shyamsundar , Gabriel N. Perdue