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In this work, we introduce Graph Pointer Networks (GPNs) trained using reinforcement learning (RL) for tackling the traveling salesman problem (TSP). GPNs build upon Pointer Networks by introducing a graph embedding layer on the input,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-13 Qiang Ma , Suwen Ge , Danyang He , Darshan Thaker , Iddo Drori

We study the Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) on the metric completion of cubic and subcubic graphs, which is known to be NP-hard. The problem is of interest because of its relation to the famous 4/3 conjecture for metric TSP, which says…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2011-07-07 Sylvia Boyd , René Sitters , Suzanne van der Ster , Leen Stougie

We propose UTSP, an unsupervised learning (UL) framework for solving the Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP). We train a Graph Neural Network (GNN) using a surrogate loss. The GNN outputs a heat map representing the probability for each edge…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Yimeng Min , Yiwei Bai , Carla P. Gomes

In order to deal with the high development time of exact and approximation algorithms for NP-hard combinatorial optimisation problems and the high running time of exact solvers, deep learning techniques have been used in recent years as an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-20 James Fitzpatrick , Deepak Ajwani , Paula Carroll

While there are optimal TSP solvers, as well as recent learning-based approaches, the generalization of the TSP to the Multiple Traveling Salesmen Problem is much less studied. Here, we design a neural network solution that treats the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-18 Yoav Kaempfer , Lior Wolf

Recent years have witnessed the promise that reinforcement learning, coupled with Graph Neural Network (GNN) architectures, could learn to solve hard combinatorial optimization problems: given raw input data and an evaluator to guide the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-01-04 Matteo Boffa , Zied Ben Houidi , Jonatan Krolikowski , Dario Rossi

The traveling salesman problem (TSP) is a fundamental problem in combinatorial optimization. Several semidefinite programming relaxations have been proposed recently that exploit a variety of mathematical structures including, e.g.,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-07-23 Samuel C. Gutekunst , David P. Williamson

The traveling salesman problem is a fundamental combinatorial optimization problem with strong exact algorithms. However, as problems scale up, these exact algorithms fail to provide a solution in a reasonable time. To resolve this, current…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Yong Liang Goh , Wee Sun Lee , Xavier Bresson , Thomas Laurent , Nicholas Lim

Solutions to the Traveling Salesperson Problem (TSP) have practical applications to processes in transportation, logistics, and automation, yet must be computed with minimal delay to satisfy the real-time nature of the underlying tasks.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-06 Benjamin Hudson , Qingbiao Li , Matthew Malencia , Amanda Prorok

We present a trajectory optimization algorithm for the traveling salesman problem (TSP) in graphs of convex sets (GCS). Our framework uses an augmented graph of convex sets to encode the TSP specification and solve it exactly as a shortest…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-09 Gael Luna , Tyler Summers

The recently presented idea to learn heuristics for combinatorial optimization problems is promising as it can save costly development. However, to push this idea towards practical implementation, we need better models and better ways of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-02-08 Wouter Kool , Herke van Hoof , Max Welling

Existing neural methods for the Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) mostly aim at finding a single optimal solution. To discover diverse yet high-quality solutions for Multi-Solution TSP (MSTSP), we propose a novel deep reinforcement learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Qi Li , Zhiguang Cao , Yining Ma , Yaoxin Wu , Yue-Jiao Gong

The Generalized Traveling Salesman Problem (GTSP) is a well-known combinatorial optimization problem with a host of applications. It is an extension of the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) where the set of cities is partitioned into…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2012-02-15 Daniel Karapetyan , Gregory Gutin

The Multiple Travelling Salesman Problem (MTSP) is among the most interesting combinatorial optimization problems because it is widely adopted in real-life applications, including robotics, transportation, networking, etc. Although the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2021-02-26 Omar Cheikhrouhou , Ines Khoufi

We describe a hybrid procedure for solving the traveling salesman problem (TSP) to provable optimality. We first sparsify the instance, and then use a hybrid algorithm that combines a branch-and-cut TSP solver with a Hamiltonian cycle…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-05-22 Vladimir Ejov , Michael Haythorpe , Serguei Rossomakhine

The Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) is one of the most famous optimization problems. The Genetic Algorithm (GA) is one of metaheuristics that have been applied to TSP. The Crossover and mutation operators are two important elements of GA.…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2015-04-13 Hassan Ismkhan , Kamran Zamanifar

In this paper, we present a polynomial-sized linear programming formulation of the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). The proposed linear program is a network flow-based model. Numerical implementation issues and results are discussed. (The…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2014-07-11 Moustapha Diaby

In the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP), a list of cities and the distances between them are given. The goal is to find the shortest possible route that visits each city exactly once and returns to the original city. The TSP has a wide…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-06-17 Johnny Seay , Edwin Gonzalez , Stephen Lowe , Jesse Crawford , Bryant Wyatt

Most neural solvers for the Traveling Salesperson Problem (TSP) are trained to output a single solution, even though practitioners rarely stop there: at test time, they routinely spend extra compute on sampling or post-hoc search. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Andoni Irazusta Garmendia

We show that the traveling salesman problem (TSP) and its many variants may be modeled as functional optimization problems over a graph. In this formulation, all vertices and arcs of the graph are functionals; i.e., a mapping from a space…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-05-08 I. M. Ross , R. J. Proulx , M. Karpenko