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Qutrit state readout is an important technology not only for execution of qutrit algorithms but also for erasure detection in error correction circuits and leakage error characterization of the gate set. Conventional technique using a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-21 Naoki Kanazawa , Haruki Emori , David C. McKay

Mid-circuit measurement (MCM) provides the capability for qubit reuse and dynamic control in quantum processors, enabling more resource-efficient algorithms and supporting error-correction procedures. However, MCM introduces several sources…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-17 Ming Zhong , Zhemin Zhang , Xiangyu Ren , Chenghong Zhu , Siyuan Niu , Zhiding Liang

We present a benchmarking protocol for universal quantum computers, achieved through the simulation of random dynamical quantum maps. This protocol provides a holistic assessment of system-wide error rates, encapsulating both gate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-30 Daniel Volya , Prabhat Mishra

Fast, high-fidelity measurement is a key ingredient for quantum error correction. Conventional approaches to the measurement of superconducting qubits, involving linear amplification of a microwave probe tone followed by heterodyne…

In the model of gate-based quantum computation, the qubits are controlled by a sequence of quantum gates. In superconducting qubit systems, these gates can be implemented by voltage pulses. The success of implementing a particular gate can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-12-04 D. Willsch , M. Nocon , F. Jin , H. De Raedt , K. Michielsen

An important step in building a quantum computer is calibrating experimentally implemented quantum gates to produce operations that are close to ideal unitaries. The calibration step involves estimating the systematic errors in gates and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-22 Shelby Kimmel , Guang Hao Low , Theodore J. Yoder

The majority of quantum error detection and correction protocols assume that the population in a qubit does not leak outside of its computational subspace. For many existing approaches, however, the physical qubits do possess more than two…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-12-24 Joydip Ghosh , Austin G. Fowler , John M. Martinis , Michael R. Geller

Mixers play a crucial role in superconducting quantum computing, primarily by facilitating frequency conversion of signals to enable precise control and readout of quantum states. However, imperfections, particularly carrier leakage and…

Quantum error correcting code can diagnose potential errors and correct them based on measured outcomes by leveraging syndrome measurement. However, mid-circuit measurement has been technically challenging for early fault-tolerant quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-09 Yunzhe Zheng , Keita Kanno

We present a quantum circuit optimization technique that takes into account the variability in error rates that is inherent across present day noisy quantum computing platforms. This method can be run post qubit routing or post-compilation,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-22 Paul D. Nation , Matthew Treinish

While quantum circuits are reaching impressive widths in the hundreds of qubits, their depths have not been able to keep pace. In particular, cloud computing gates on multi-qubit, fixed-frequency superconducting chips continue to hover…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-13 Boxi Li , Tommaso Calarco , Felix Motzoi

Mid-circuit measurements used in quantum error correction are essential in quantum computer architecture, as they read out syndrome data and drive logic gates. Here, we use a heavy-hex code prepared on a superconducting qubit array to…

Quantum computers have shown promise in improving algorithms in a variety of fields. The realization of these advancements is limited by the presence of noise and high error rates, which become prominent especially with increasing system…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-05 Melody Lee

Calibration of quantum gates is a necessary hurdle to overcome on the way to a reliable quantum computer. In a recent paper, a protocol called Gate Set Calibration protocol (GSC) has been introduced and used to learn coherent errors from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-24 Yaiza Aragonés-Soria , René Otten , Tobias Hangleiter , Pascal Cerfontaine , David Gross

We explore the usefulness of mid-circuit measurements to enhance quantum algorithmics. Specifically, we assess how quantum phase estimation (QPE) and mid-circuit measurements can improve the performance of variational quantum algorithms.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-03 Antoine Lemelin , Christophe Pere , Olivier Landon-Cardinal , Camille Coti

Qubit measurements are central to quantum information processing. In the field of superconducting qubits, standard readout techniques are not only limited by the signal-to-noise ratio, but also by state relaxation during the measurement. In…

We implement in-situ mid-circuit measurement and reset (MCMR) operations on a trapped-ion quantum computing system by using metastable qubit states in $^{171}\textrm{Yb}^+$ ions. We introduce and compare two methods for isolating data…

Quantum error mitigation (QEM) for dynamic circuits, i.e., those incorporating mid-circuit measurements and feedforward, is important for two key reasons. First, quantum error correction (QEC) circuits are instances of dynamic circuits, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-04 Jader P. Santos , Raam Uzdin

Quantum error correction is a crucial step beyond the current noisy-intermediate-scale quantum device towards fault-tolerant quantum computing. However, most of the error corrections ever demonstrated rely on post-selection of events or…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-07 Toshiaki Inada , Wonho Jang , Yutaro Iiyama , Koji Terashi , Ryu Sawada , Junichi Tanaka , Shoji Asai

The measurement-based architecture is a paradigm of quantum computing, relying on the entanglement of a cluster of qubits and the measurements of a subset of it, conditioning the state of the unmeasured output qubits. While methods to map…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-20 Sebastiano Corli , Enrico Prati