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The interference phenomenon of light is a common but most important effect in physics. In this article, we compare and analyse the interference effects of both coherent and incoherent light; in particular, the interference of spatially…
Interference with atomic and molecular matter waves is a rich branch of atomic physics and quantum optics. It started with atom diffraction from crystal surfaces and the separated oscillatory fields technique used in atomic clocks. Atom…
All fundamental physical principles are confirmed by numerous experiments and practical certainty and have unambiguous interpretation. But physics of stars is based on few measured effects only. It gives some freedom for figments of the…
Many important techniques for investigating the properties of extragalactic radio sources, such as spectral-index and rotation-measure mapping, involve the comparison of images at two or more frequencies. In the case of radio…
Holography is an optical technique enabling to record phase objects. Holographic interferometry uses this faculty to make a phase object interfere with a memory of itself at a preceding time, recorded on a hologram. Interference fringes…
Astronomical intensity interferometry enables quantitative measurements of the source geometry by measuring the photon fluxes in individual telescopes and correlating them, rather than correlating the electromagnetic waves' amplitudes. This…
Polarimetric interferometry is a method allowing the study of the distribution of polarized flux at diffraction-limited resolution. Its basic observable is the ratio $\mathcal{R}$ of the visibilities of the object in two orthogonal…
Thermal distribution functions can only be of the Fermi-Dirac or Bose-Einstein types, whereas distorted spectra encompass any possible deviations from these shapes. It is fruitful to devise parametrizations of these distortions with only a…
By proposing a statistic for the detection of secondary (Doppler) peaks in the CMBR power spectrum, the significance level at which such peaks may be detected are computed for a large range of model CMBR experiments. In particular, we…
Typically, optical microscopy uses the wavelike properties of light to image a scene. However, photon arrival times provide more information about emitter properties than the classical intensity alone. Here, we show that the Hanbury Brown…
Intensity interferometry is a technique developed many decades ago, that has recently enjoyed a renaissance thanks in part to advances in photodetector technology. We investigate the potential for long-baseline optical intensity…
The polarization state of starlight reflected by a planetary atmosphere uniquely reveals coverage, particle size, and composition of aerosols as well as changing cloud patterns. It is not possible to obtain a comparable level of detailed…
Many binary systems are in a state of strong interaction, where mass exchanges, accretion disks, common envelopes provide circumstellar matter which can have significant effects in microlensing light curves of background sources. Such…
In systems with a large degeneracy of states such as black holes, one expects that the average value of probe correlation functions will be well approximated by the thermal ensemble. To understand how correlation functions in individual…
We derive Galactic continuum spectra from 5-96/cm from COBE/FIRAS observations. The spectra are dominated by warm dust emission, which may be fit with a single temperature in the range 16-21 K (for nu^2 emissivity) along each line of sight.…
The problem of infrared divergence of the effective electromagnetic field produced by elementary particles is revisited using the non-equilibrium model of an electron interacting with low-temperature photons. It is argued that the infrared…
We consider the small, of the size of the order of the wavelength, interferometer with the main mode excited by a quantum field from a nano-LED or a laser. The input field is detuned from the interferometer mode with, on average, a few…
The study of entangled states has greatly improved the basic understanding about two-photon interferometry. Two-photon interference is not the interference of two photons but the result of superposition among indistinguishable two-photon…
Hyperspectral imaging aims at providing information on both the spatial and the spectral distribution of light, with high resolution. However, state-of-the-art protocols are characterized by an intrinsic trade-off imposing to sacrifice…
A key prediction of the standard cosmological model -- which relies on the assumption that dark matter is cold, i.e. non-relativistic at the epoch of structure formation -- is the existence of a large number of dark matter substructures on…