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This paper introduces GPT-HTree, a framework combining hierarchical clustering, decision trees, and large language models (LLMs) to address this challenge. By leveraging hierarchical clustering to segment individuals based on salient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Te Pei , Fuat Alican , Aaron Ontoyin Yin , Yigit Ihlamur

Reinforcement learning techniques achieved human-level performance in several tasks in the last decade. However, in recent years, the need for interpretability emerged: we want to be able to understand how a system works and the reasons…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-13 Leonardo Lucio Custode , Giovanni Iacca

We present a new approach to classification that combines data and knowledge. In this approach, data mining is used to derive association rules (possibly with negations) from data. Those rules are leveraged to increase the predictive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Gilles Audemard , Sylvie Coste-Marquis , Pierre Marquis , Mehdi Sabiri , Nicolas Szczepanski

We propose a procedure to build a decision tree which approximates the performance of complex machine learning models. This single approximation tree can be used to interpret and simplify the predicting pattern of random forests (RFs) and…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-10-31 Yichen Zhou , Giles Hooker

We use reinforcement learning to learn tree-structured neural networks for computing representations of natural language sentences. In contrast with prior work on tree-structured models in which the trees are either provided as input or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-11-29 Dani Yogatama , Phil Blunsom , Chris Dyer , Edward Grefenstette , Wang Ling

One of the key challenges when developing a predictive model is the capability to describe the domain knowledge and the cause-effect relationships in a simple way. Decision rules are a useful and important methodology in this context,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Francisco Valente , Jorge Henriques , Simão Paredes , Teresa Rocha , Paulo de Carvalho , João Morais

Conditional masked language model (CMLM) training has proven successful for non-autoregressive and semi-autoregressive sequence generation tasks, such as machine translation. Given a trained CMLM, however, it is not clear what the best…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-21 Julia Kreutzer , George Foster , Colin Cherry

We present a qualitative analysis of the (potentially erroneous) outputs of contextualized embedding-based methods for detecting diachronic semantic change. First, we introduce an ensemble method outperforming previously described…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-02 Andrey Kutuzov , Erik Velldal , Lilja Øvrelid

We address the problem of finding influential training samples for a particular case of tree ensemble-based models, e.g., Random Forest (RF) or Gradient Boosted Decision Trees (GBDT). A natural way of formalizing this problem is studying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-03-14 Boris Sharchilev , Yury Ustinovsky , Pavel Serdyukov , Maarten de Rijke

To address the issues of stability and fidelity in interpretable learning, a novel interpretable methodology, ensemble interpretation, is presented in this paper which integrates multi-perspective explanation of various interpretation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Chao Min , Guoyong Liao , Guoquan Wen , Yingjun Li , Xing Guo

We propose a new framework for contextual multi-armed bandits based on tree ensembles. Our framework adapts two widely used bandit methods, Upper Confidence Bound and Thompson Sampling, for both standard and combinatorial settings. As part…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Hannes Nilsson , Rikard Johansson , Niklas Åkerblom , Morteza Haghir Chehreghani

In the literature, two series of models have been proposed to address prediction problems including classification and regression. Simple models, such as generalized linear models, have ordinary performance but strong interpretability on a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-11-01 Jingbo Shang , Meng Jiang , Wenzhu Tong , Jinfeng Xiao , Jian Peng , Jiawei Han

Linguistic structures exhibit a rich array of global phenomena, however commonly used Markov models are unable to adequately describe these phenomena due to their strong locality assumptions. We propose a novel hierarchical model for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-03-10 Ehsan Shareghi , Gholamreza Haffari , Trevor Cohn , Ann Nicholson

Besides serving as prediction models, classification trees are useful for finding important predictor variables and identifying interesting subgroups in the data. These functions can be compromised by weak split selection algorithms that…

Applications · Statistics 2010-11-03 Wei-Yin Loh

We introduce a linguistically enhanced combination of pre-training methods for transformers. The pre-training objectives include POS-tagging, synset prediction based on semantic knowledge graphs, and parent prediction based on dependency…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-02 Maren Pielka , Svetlana Schmidt , Lisa Pucknat , Rafet Sifa

Classical models for supervised machine learning, such as decision trees, are efficient and interpretable predictors, but their quality is highly dependent on the particular choice of input features. Although neural networks can learn…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Gabriel Poesia , Georgia Gabriela Sampaio

Symbolic regression is essential for deriving interpretable expressions that elucidate complex phenomena by exposing the underlying mathematical and physical relationships in data. In this paper, we present an advanced symbolic regression…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Sikai Huang , Yixin Berry Wen , Tara Adusumilli , Kusum Choudhary , Haizhao Yang

Designers of statistical machine translation (SMT) systems have begun to employ tree-structured translation models. Systems involving tree-structured translation models tend to be complex. This article aims to reduce the conceptual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2007-05-23 I. Dan Melamed , Wei Wang

Decision Trees are prominent prediction models for interpretable Machine Learning. They have been thoroughly researched, mostly in the batch setting with a fixed labelled dataset, leading to popular algorithms such as C4.5, ID3 and CART.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Ayman Chaouki , Jesse Read , Albert Bifet

Decision trees built with data remain in widespread use for nonparametric prediction. Predicting probability distributions is preferred over point predictions when uncertainty plays a prominent role in analysis and decision-making. We study…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-06-21 Sara Shashaani , Ozge Surer , Matthew Plumlee , Seth Guikema