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Related papers: An Empirical Study of Compound PCFGs

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We present an empirical study of the applicability of Probabilistic Lexicalized Tree Insertion Grammars (PLTIG), a lexicalized counterpart to Probabilistic Context-Free Grammars (PCFG), to problems in stochastic natural-language processing.…

cmp-lg · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Rebecca Hwa

As it has been unveiled that pre-trained language models (PLMs) are to some extent capable of recognizing syntactic concepts in natural language, much effort has been made to develop a method for extracting complete (binary) parses from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-09 Taeuk Kim , Bowen Li , Sang-goo Lee

Probabilistic context-free grammars (PCFGs) are used to define distributions over strings, and are powerful modelling tools in a number of areas, including natural language processing, software engineering, model checking, bio-informatics,…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2014-07-08 Colin de la Higuera , James Scicluna , Mark-Jan Nederhof

We investigate models for learning the class of context-free and context-sensitive languages (CFLs and CSLs). We begin with a brief discussion of some early hardness results which show that unrestricted language learning is impossible, and…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2012-07-09 Jacob Andreas

How much data is required to learn the structure of a language via next-token prediction? We study this question for synthetic datasets generated via a Probabilistic Context-Free Grammar (PCFG) -- a tree-like generative model that captures…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Francesco Cagnetta , Matthieu Wyart

The paper is about a class of languages that extends context-free languages (CFL) and is stable under shuffle. Specifically, we investigate the class of partially-commutative context-free languages (PCCFL), where non-terminal symbols are…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2012-08-15 Wojciech Czerwiński , Sławomir Lasota

Motivated by recent connections to factorised databases, we analyse the efficiency of representations by context free grammars (CFGs). Concretely, we prove a recent conjecture by Kimelfeld, Martens, and Niewerth (ICDT 2025), that for finite…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Stefan Mengel , Harry Vinall-Smeeth

The paper describes an extensive experiment in inside-outside estimation of a lexicalized probabilistic context free grammar for German verb-final clauses. Grammar and formalism features which make the experiment feasible are described.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Franz Beil , Glenn Carroll , Detlef Prescher , Stefan Riezler , Mats Rooth

In this paper, we propose a globally normalized model for context-free grammar (CFG)-based semantic parsing. Instead of predicting a probability, our model predicts a real-valued score at each step and does not suffer from the label bias…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Chenyang Huang , Wei Yang , Yanshuai Cao , Osmar Zaïane , Lili Mou

We describe a generative probabilistic model of natural language, which we call HBG, that takes advantage of detailed linguistic information to resolve ambiguity. HBG incorporates lexical, syntactic, semantic, and structural information…

cmp-lg · Computer Science 2008-02-03 Ezra Black , Fred Jelinek , John Lafferty , David M. Magerman , Robert Mercer , Salim Roukos

Parsing Expression Grammars (PEGs) are a formalism that can describe all deterministic context-free languages through a set of rules that specify a top-down parser for some language. PEGs are easy to use, and there are efficient…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2014-02-17 Sérgio Medeiros , Fabio Mascarenhas , Roberto Ierusalimschy

There have been several recent attempts to improve the accuracy of grammar induction systems by bounding the recursive complexity of the induction model (Ponvert et al., 2011; Noji and Johnson, 2016; Shain et al., 2016; Jin et al., 2018).…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-11 Lifeng Jin , Finale Doshi-Velez , Timothy Miller , William Schuler , Lane Schwartz

The inside-outside probabilities are typically used for reestimating Probabilistic Context Free Grammars (PCFGs), just as the forward-backward probabilities are typically used for reestimating HMMs. I show several novel uses, including…

cmp-lg · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Joshua Goodman

Exploiting visual groundings for language understanding has recently been drawing much attention. In this work, we study visually grounded grammar induction and learn a constituency parser from both unlabeled text and its visual groundings.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-08 Yanpeng Zhao , Ivan Titov

Neural QCFG is a grammar-based sequence-tosequence (seq2seq) model with strong inductive biases on hierarchical structures. It excels in interpretability and generalization but suffers from expensive inference. In this paper, we study two…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Chao Lou , Kewei Tu

Decision Trees are some of the most popular machine learning models today due to their out-of-the-box performance and interpretability. Often, Decision Trees models are constructed greedily in a top-down fashion via heuristic search…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-16 Colin Sullivan , Mo Tiwari , Sebastian Thrun , Chris Piech

We study the problem of grammar-constrained context-free language reachability in graphs, focusing on complexity and empirical performance. We present an algorithmic framework for evaluating reachability queries constrained by context-free…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Faruk Alpay , Levent Sarioglu

In zero-shot text-to-speech, achieving a balance between fidelity to the target speaker and adherence to text content remains a challenge. While classifier-free guidance (CFG) strategies have shown promising results in image generation,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-25 John Zheng , Farhad Maleki

Conceptual combination performs a fundamental role in creating the broad range of compound phrases utilized in everyday language. This article provides a novel probabilistic framework for assessing whether the semantics of conceptual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2014-11-24 Peter D. Bruza , Kirsty Kitto , Brentyn J. Ramm , Laurianne Sitbon

Conditional random fields (CRFs) are usually specified by graphical models but in this paper we propose to use probabilistic logic programs and specify them generatively. Our intension is first to provide a unified approach to CRFs for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-10-16 Taisuke Sato , Keiichi Kubota , Yoshitaka Kameya