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The paper studies face spoofing, a.k.a. presentation attack detection (PAD) in the demanding scenarios of unknown types of attack. While earlier studies have revealed the benefits of ensemble methods, and in particular, a multiple kernel…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-25 Shervin Rahimzadeh Arashloo

Near-infrared (NIR) face recognition systems, which can operate effectively in low-light conditions or in the presence of makeup, exhibit vulnerabilities when subjected to physical adversarial attacks. To further demonstrate the potential…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Songyan Xie , Jinghang Wen , Encheng Su , Qiucheng Yu

This paper addresses the problem of face presentation attack detection using different image modalities. In particular, the usage of short wave infrared (SWIR) imaging is considered. Face presentation attack detection is performed using…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-23 Guillaume Heusch , Anjith George , David Geissbuhler , Zohreh Mostaani , Sebastien Marcel

Facial recognition systems have become an integral part of the modern world. These methods accomplish the task of human identification in an automatic, fast, and non-interfering way. Past research has uncovered high vulnerability to simple…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Moritz Finke , Alexandra Dmitrienko

Face anti-spoofing (FAS) has lately attracted increasing attention due to its vital role in securing face recognition systems from presentation attacks (PAs). As more and more realistic PAs with novel types spring up, traditional FAS…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-05 Zitong Yu , Yunxiao Qin , Xiaobai Li , Chenxu Zhao , Zhen Lei , Guoying Zhao

Facial cosmetics have the ability to substantially alter the facial appearance, which can negatively affect the decisions of a face recognition. In addition, it was recently shown that the application of makeup can be abused to launch…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-20 Christian Rathgeb , Pawel Drozdowski , Christoph Busch

The vulnerability against presentation attacks is a crucial problem undermining the wide-deployment of face recognition systems. Though presentation attack detection (PAD) systems try to address this problem, the lack of generalization and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-02-22 Anjith George , David Geissbuhler , Sebastien Marcel

The iris pattern has significantly improved the biometric recognition field due to its high level of stability and uniqueness. Such physical feature has played an important role in security and other related areas. However, presentation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-03 Gabriela Y. Kimura , Diego R. Lucio , Alceu S. Britto , David Menotti

The vulnerability of automated fingerprint recognition systems to presentation attacks (PA), i.e., spoof or altered fingers, has been a growing concern, warranting the development of accurate and efficient presentation attack detection…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-08 Steven A. Grosz , Tarang Chugh , Anil K. Jain

Automated Facial Expression Recognition (FER) has remained a challenging and interesting problem. Despite efforts made in developing various methods for FER, existing approaches traditionally lack generalizability when applied to unseen…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2016-11-18 Ali Mollahosseini , David Chan , Mohammad H. Mahoor

This work explores facial expression bias as a security vulnerability of face recognition systems. Despite the great performance achieved by state-of-the-art face recognition systems, the algorithms are still sensitive to a large range of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-21 Alejandro Peña , Ignacio Serna , Aythami Morales , Julian Fierrez , Agata Lapedriza

Human face exhibits an inherent hierarchy in its representations (i.e., holistic facial expressions can be encoded via a set of facial action units (AUs) and their intensity). Variational (deep) auto-encoders (VAE) have shown great results…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-08-08 Dieu Linh Tran , Robert Walecki , Ognjen Rudovic , Stefanos Eleftheriadis , Bjørn Schuller , Maja Pantic

In the rapidly evolving landscape of digital security, biometric authentication systems, particularly facial recognition, have emerged as integral components of various security protocols. However, the reliability of these systems is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Oleksandr Kuznetsov , Emanuele Frontoni , Luca Romeo , Riccardo Rosati , Andrea Maranesi , Alessandro Muscatello

Iris-based biometric systems are vulnerable to presentation attacks (PAs), where adversaries present physical artifacts (e.g., printed iris images, textured contact lenses) to defeat the system. This has led to the development of various…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Debasmita Pal , Redwan Sony , Arun Ross

Face detection is a long-standing challenge in the field of computer vision, with the ultimate goal being to accurately localize human faces in an unconstrained environment. There are significant technical hurdles in making these systems…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-03 Necdet Gurkan , Jordan W. Suchow

Presentation attacks are posing major challenges to most of the biometric modalities. Iris recognition, which is considered as one of the most accurate biometric modality for person identification, has also been shown to be vulnerable to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Mehak Gupta , Vishal Singh , Akshay Agarwal , Mayank Vatsa , Richa Singh

Recently, generative adversarial networks (GANs) can generate photo-realistic fake facial images which are perceptually indistinguishable from real face photos, promoting research on fake face detection. Though fake face forensics can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-02 Yongwei Wang , Xin Ding , Li Ding , Rabab Ward , Z. Jane Wang

Although face recognition systems have undergone an impressive evolution in the last decade, these technologies are vulnerable to attack presentations (AP). These attacks are mostly easy to create and, by executing them against the system's…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Lazaro Janier Gonzalez-Sole , Juan E. Tapia , Christoph Busch

Many deep learning models are vulnerable to the adversarial attack, i.e., imperceptible but intentionally-designed perturbations to the input can cause incorrect output of the networks. In this paper, using information geometry, we provide…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-12 Chenxiao Zhao , P. Thomas Fletcher , Mixue Yu , Yaxin Peng , Guixu Zhang , Chaomin Shen

Deepfakes pose growing challenges to the trust of information on the Internet. Thus, detecting deepfakes has attracted increasing attentions from both academia and industry. State-of-the-art deepfake detection methods consist of two key…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-08 Xiaoyu Cao , Neil Zhenqiang Gong