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The surge in AI usage demands innovative power reduction strategies. Novel Compute-in-Memory (CIM) architectures, leveraging advanced memory technologies, hold the potential for significantly lowering energy consumption by integrating…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-14 José Cubero-Cascante , Arunkumar Vaidyanathan , Rebecca Pelke , Lorenzo Pfeifer , Rainer Leupers , Jan Moritz Joseph

The multiplication of a sparse matrix with a dense vector (SpMV) is a key component in many numerical schemes and its performance is known to be severely limited by main memory access. Several numerical schemes require the multiplication of…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-01-11 Christie L. Alappat , Georg Hager , Olaf Schenk , Gerhard Wellein

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have emerged as the method of choice for solving a wide range of machine learning tasks. The enormous computational demands posed by DNNs have most commonly been addressed through the design of custom…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2017-11-30 Sanchari Sen , Shubham Jain , Swagath Venkataramani , Anand Raghunathan

In-Memory Computing (IMC) hardware using Memristive Crossbar Arrays (MCAs) are gaining popularity to accelerate Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) since it alleviates the "memory wall" problem associated with von-Neumann architecture. The hardware…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2021-06-24 Shubham Negi , Indranil Chakraborty , Aayush Ankit , Kaushik Roy

Sparsity is a growing trend in modern DNN models. Existing Sparse-Sparse Matrix Multiplication (SpMSpM) accelerators are tailored to a particular SpMSpM dataflow (i.e., Inner Product, Outer Product or Gustavsons), that determines their…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-01-27 Francisco Muñoz-Martínez , Raveesh Garg , José L. Abellán , Michael Pellauer , Manuel E. Acacio , Tushar Krishna

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) demonstrate promising accuracy in a wide range of applications. Among all layers in CNNs, convolution layers are the most computation-intensive and consume the most energy. As the maturity of device and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-04-02 Sho Ko , Yun Joon Soh , Jishen Zhao

Overparametrized Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) often achieve astounding performances, but may potentially result in severe generalization error. Recently, the relation between the sharpness of the loss landscape and the generalization error…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Jiawei Du , Hanshu Yan , Jiashi Feng , Joey Tianyi Zhou , Liangli Zhen , Rick Siow Mong Goh , Vincent Y. F. Tan

The memory demands of large-scale deep neural networks (DNNs) require synaptic weight values to be stored and updated in off-chip memory like dynamic random-access memory, which reduces energy efficiency and increases training time.…

Applied Physics · Physics 2025-10-08 Abhishek Kumar , Peter D. Hodgson , Manus Hayne , Avirup Dasgupta

Neural network (NN) accelerators with multi-chip-module (MCM) architectures enable integration of massive computation capability; however, they face challenges of computing resource underutilization and off-chip communication overheads.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Zongle Huang , Hongyang Jia , Kaiwei Zou , Yongpan Liu

Resistive crossbars designed with non-volatile memory devices have emerged as promising building blocks for Deep Neural Network (DNN) hardware, due to their ability to compactly and efficiently realize vector-matrix multiplication (VMM),…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2020-06-03 Shubham Jain , Abhronil Sengupta , Kaushik Roy , Anand Raghunathan

Neural Architecture Search (NAS) is a powerful approach of automating the design of efficient neural architectures. In contrast to traditional NAS methods, recently proposed one-shot NAS methods prove to be more efficient in performing NAS.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Waqwoya Abebe , Sadegh Jafari , Sixing Yu , Akash Dutta , Jan Strube , Nathan R. Tallent , Luanzheng Guo , Pablo Munoz , Ali Jannesari

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) compute in an event-based matter to achieve a more efficient computation than standard Neural Networks. In SNNs, neuronal outputs (i.e. activations) are not encoded with real-valued activations but with…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Jan Sommer , M. Akif Özkan , Oliver Keszocze , Jürgen Teich

A trend towards energy-efficiency, security and privacy has led to a recent focus on deploying DNNs on microcontrollers. However, limits on compute and memory resources restrict the size and the complexity of the ML models deployable in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-19 Fernando García-Redondo , Shidhartha Das , Glen Rosendale

This paper presents a novel architecture utilizing a 10T SRAM cell for XNOR-based in-memory computing, aimed at mitigating the extensive routing challenges typically encountered in conventional in-memory computing systems. By integrating a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Narendra Singh Dhakad , Santosh Kumar Vishvakarma

Emerging machine learning (ML) models (e.g., transformers) involve memory pin bandwidth-bound matrix-vector (MV) computation in inference. By avoiding pin crossings, processing in memory (PIM) can improve performance and energy for…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Mingxuan He , Mithuna Thottethodi , T. N. Vijaykumar

Structured sparsity enables deploying large language models (LLMs) on resource-constrained systems. Approaches like dense-to-sparse fine-tuning are particularly compelling, achieving remarkable structured sparsity by reducing the model size…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-14 João Paulo Cardoso de Lima , Marc Dietrich , Jeronimo Castrillon , Asif Ali Khan

Our community has greatly improved the efficiency of deep learning applications, including by exploiting sparsity in inputs. Most of that work, though, is for inference, where weight sparsity is known statically, and/or for specialized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-04 Zhangxiaowen Gong , Houxiang Ji , Christopher Fletcher , Christopher Hughes , Josep Torrellas

Accelerators for sparse matrix multiplication are important components in emerging systems. In this paper, we study the main challenges of accelerating Sparse Matrix Multiplication (SpMM). For the situations that data is not stored in the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Pareesa Ameneh Golnari , Sharad Malik

In this paper, we present a computationally efficient sparse signal recovery scheme using Deep Neural Networks (DNN). The architecture of the introduced neural network is inspired from sparse Bayesian learning (SBL) and named as Learned-SBL…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-09-19 Rubin Jose Peter , Chandra R. Murthy

Multiplying two sparse matrices (SpGEMM) is a common computational primitive used in many areas including graph algorithms, bioinformatics, algebraic multigrid solvers, and randomized sketching. Distributed-memory parallel algorithms for…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Yuxi Hong , Aydin Buluc