Related papers: Evolution algebras with one-dimensional square
A curled algebra is a non-associative algebra in which $x$ and $x^2$ are linearly dependent for every element $x$. An algebra is called endo-commutative, if the square mapping from the algebra to itself preserves multiplication. In this…
Two integrable systems are constructed in a 2 + 1-dimensional space. Every of these systems involve two evolutions with negative numbers.
We describe absolute nilpotent and some idempotent elements of an $n$- dimensional evolution algebra corresponding to two permutations and we decompose such algebras to the direct sum of evolution algebras corresponding to cycles of the…
We study the homogeneous involutions on the full square matrices over an algebraically closed field endowed with a division grading with commutative support. We obtain the classification of the isomorphism and equivalence classes for the…
An algebraic structure related to discrete zero curvature equations is established. It is used to give an approach for generating master symmetries of first degree for systems of discrete evolution equations and an answer to why there exist…
An automorphism defined on an evolution algebra can provide both a finite number and an infinite number of evolution operators on it. This question is dealt with in the paper, as well as others more related to the evolution operators of…
We show that a class of algebras is closed under the taking of homomorphic images and direct products if and only if the class consists of all algebras that satisfy a set of (generally simultaneous) equations. For classes of regular…
The theory of unified product and extending structures for alternative and pre-alternative algebras are developed. It is proved that the extending structures of these algebras can be classified by using some non-abelian cohomology and…
We develop the deformation theory of A_\infty algebras together with \infty inner products and identify a differential graded Lie algebra that controls the theory. This generalizes the deformation theories of associative algebras, A_\infty…
We give necessary and sufficient conditions for a family of inner products in a finite-dimensional vector space $V$ over an arbitrary field $\mathbb{K}$ to have an orthogonal basis relative to all the inner products. Some applications to…
A connected graph can be associated with two distinct evolution algebras. In the first case, the structural matrix is the adjacency matrix of the graph itself. In the second case, the structural matrix is the transition probabilities matrix…
In this paper, we present a complete classification of 2-dimensional endo-commutative straight algebras of type II$_1$ over any field. An endo-commutative algebra is a non-associative algebra in which the square mapping preserves…
In this paper we introduce a new species of evolution algebras that we call Cayley evolution algebras. We show that if a field $k$ contains sufficiently many elements (for example if $k$ is infinite) then every finite group $G$ is…
Let $A$ be an associative algebra graded by a finite group $G$ over a field ${F}$ of characteristic zero. One associates to $A$ the sequence of $G$-graded codimensions $c_n^G(A)$, $n=1,2,\ldots$, which measures the growth of the polynomial…
We provide a complete classification of three-dimensional associative algebras over the real and complex number fields based on a complete elementary proof. We list up all the multiplication tables of the algebras up to isomorphism. We…
We prove that every automorphism of an infinite-dimensional vector space over a field is the product of four involutions, a result that is optimal in the general case. We also characterize the automorphisms that are the product of three…
The dimension algebra of graded groups is introduced. With the help of known geometric results of extension theory that algebra induces all known results of the cohomological dimension theory. Elements of the algebra are equivalence classes…
Haile, Han and Kuo have studied certain non-commutative algebras associated to a binary quartic or ternary cubic form. We extend their construction to pairs of quadratic forms in four variables, and conjecture a further generalisation to…
A graded-division algebra is an algebra graded by a group such that all nonzero homogeneous elements are invertible. This includes division algebras equipped with an arbitrary group grading (including the trivial grading). We show that a…
Any finite-dimensional commutative (associative) graded algebra with all nonzero homogeneous subspaces one-dimensional is defined by a symmetric coefficient matrix. This algebraic structure gives a basic kind of $A$-graded algebras…