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Face recognition technology has been widely used in daily interactive applications such as checking-in and mobile payment due to its convenience and high accuracy. However, its vulnerability to presentation attacks (PAs) limits its reliable…

Face anti-spoofing algorithms play a pivotal role in the robust deployment of face recognition systems against presentation attacks. Conventionally, full facial images are required by such systems to correctly authenticate individuals, but…

Wearing a mask has proven to be one of the most effective ways to prevent the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. However, wearing a mask poses challenges for different face recognition tasks and raises concerns about the performance of…

Over the past few years, Presentation Attack Detection (PAD) has become a fundamental part of facial recognition systems. Although much effort has been devoted to anti-spoofing research, generalization in real scenarios remains a challenge.…

The widespread deployment of face recognition-based biometric systems has made face Presentation Attack Detection (face anti-spoofing) an increasingly critical issue. This survey thoroughly investigates the face Presentation Attack…

The robustness and generalization ability of Presentation Attack Detection (PAD) methods is critical to ensure the security of Face Recognition Systems (FRSs). However, in a real scenario, Presentation Attacks (PAs) are various and it is…

Face recognition systems are increasingly deployed across a wide range of applications, including smartphone authentication, access control, and border security. However, these systems remain vulnerable to presentation attacks (PAs), which…

The recent COVID-19 pandemic has increased the focus on hygienic and contactless identity verification methods. However, the pandemic led to the wide use of face masks, essential to keep the pandemic under control. The effect of wearing a…

Face presentation attack detection (PAD) has received increasing attention ever since the vulnerabilities to spoofing have been widely recognized. The state of the art in unimodal and multi-modal face anti-spoofing has been assessed in…

The main scope of this chapter is to serve as an introduction to face presentation attack detection, including key resources and advances in the field in the last few years. The next pages present the different presentation attacks that a…

Fingerprint recognition systems are widely deployed in various real-life applications as they have achieved high accuracy. The widely used applications include border control, automated teller machine (ATM), and attendance monitoring…

Face presentation attack detection (fPAD) plays a critical role in the modern face recognition pipeline. A face presentation attack detection model with good generalization can be obtained when it is trained with face images from different…

Iris recognition technology has attracted an increasing interest in the last decades in which we have witnessed a migration from research laboratories to real world applications. The deployment of this technology raises questions about the…

With the recent world-wide COVID-19 pandemic, using face masks have become an important part of our lives. People are encouraged to cover their faces when in public area to avoid the spread of infection. The use of these face masks has…

Contemporary face detection algorithms have to deal with many challenges such as variations in pose, illumination, and scale. A subclass of the face detection problem that has recently gained increasing attention is occluded face detection,…

Face presentation attack detection (fPAD) plays a critical role in the modern face recognition pipeline. The generalization ability of face presentation attack detection models to unseen attacks has become a key issue for real-world…

Deep learning-based facial recognition (FR) models have demonstrated state-of-the-art performance in the past few years, even when wearing protective medical face masks became commonplace during the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the outstanding…

We have witnessed rapid advances in both face presentation attack models and presentation attack detection (PAD) in recent years. Compared to widely studied 2D face presentation attacks (e.g. printed photos and video replays), 3D face…

Face recognition has become essential in our daily lives as a convenient and contactless method of accurate identity verification. Process such as identity verification at automatic border control gates or the secure login to electronic…

Modern face recognition systems (FRS) still fall short when the subjects are wearing facial masks, a common theme in the age of respiratory pandemics. An intuitive partial remedy is to add a mask detector to flag any masked faces so that…