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Gaussian processes (GP) and Kriging are widely used in traditional spatio-temporal mod-elling and prediction. These techniques typically presuppose that the data are observed from a stationary GP with parametric covariance structure.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-06-21 Pratik Nag , Ying Sun , Brian J Reich

Gaussian processes (GPs) are a class of Kernel methods that have shown to be very useful in geoscience and remote sensing applications for parameter retrieval, model inversion, and emulation. They are widely used because they are simple,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-21 J. Emmanuel Johnson , Valero Laparra , Gustau Camps-Valls

In their standard form Gaussian processes (GPs) provide a powerful non-parametric framework for regression and classificaton tasks. Their one limiting property is their $\mathcal{O}(N^{3})$ scaling where $N$ is the number of training data…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-01-16 Vidhi Lalchand , A. C. Faul

Gaussian process (GP) methods have been widely studied recently, especially for large-scale systems with big data and even more extreme cases when data is sparse. Key advantages of these methods consist in: 1) the ability to provide…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-09-13 Chenyi Lyu , Xingchi Liu , Lyudmila Mihaylova

Gaussian processes (GP) are widely used as a metamodel for emulating time-consuming computer codes. We focus on problems involving categorical inputs, with a potentially large number L of levels (typically several tens), partitioned in G <<…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-07-25 Olivier Roustant , Esperan Padonou , Yves Deville , Aloïs Clément , Guillaume Perrin , Jean Giorla , Henry Wynn

Complex-valued signals are used in the modeling of many systems in engineering and science, hence being of fundamental interest. Often, random complex-valued signals are considered to be proper. A proper complex random variable or process…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-02-19 Rafael Boloix-Tortosa , F. Javier Payán-Somet , Eva Arias-de-Reyna , Juan José Murillo-Fuentes

We present a probabilistic cross-correlation approach to estimate time delays in the context of reverberation mapping (RM) of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN). We reformulate the traditional interpolated cross-correlation method as a…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-06-07 F. Pozo Nuñez , N. Gianniotis , K. L. Polsterer

Gaussian processes (GPs) offer a flexible, uncertainty-aware framework for modeling complex signals, but scale cubically with data, assume static targets, and are brittle to outliers, limiting their applicability in large-scale problems…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-23 Fernando Llorente , Daniel Waxman , Sanket Jantre , Nathan M. Urban , Susan E. Minkoff

We study the calibration of Gaussian process (GP) predictive distributions in the interpolation setting from a design-marginal perspective. Conditioning on the data and averaging over a design measure \mu, we formalize \mu-coverage for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-08 Aurélien Pion , Emmanuel Vazquez

Through sequential construction of posteriors on observing data online, Bayes' theorem provides a natural framework for continual learning. We develop Variational Auto-Regressive Gaussian Processes (VAR-GPs), a principled posterior updating…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-06-15 Sanyam Kapoor , Theofanis Karaletsos , Thang D. Bui

We investigate uncertainties in the estimation of the Hubble constant ($H_0$) arising from Gaussian Process (GP) reconstruction, demonstrating that the choice of kernel introduces systematic variations comparable to those arising from…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-07 Ruchika , Purba Mukherjee , Arianna Favale

Recent cosmological observations have achieved high-precision measurements of the Universe's expansion history, prompting the use of nonparametric methods such as Gaussian processes (GP) regression. We apply GP regression for reconstructing…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-21 Jia-yan Jiang , Kang Jiao , Tong-Jie Zhang

Gaussian Process (GP) models are a class of flexible non-parametric models that have rich representational power. By using a Gaussian process with additive structure, complex responses can be modelled whilst retaining interpretability.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-22 Xiaoyu Lu , Alexis Boukouvalas , James Hensman

Gaussian process regression (GPR) is a non-parametric Bayesian technique for interpolating or fitting data. The main barrier to further uptake of this powerful tool rests in the computational costs associated with the matrices which arise…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-05-16 Christopher J. Moore , Alvin J. K. Chua , Christopher P. L. Berry , Jonathan R. Gair

Gaussian Process (GP) regression is a popular and sample-efficient approach for many engineering applications, where observations are expensive to acquire, and is also a central ingredient of Bayesian optimization (BO), a highly prevailing…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-06 Sébastien Da Veiga

We present xokde++, a state-of-the-art online kernel density estimation approach that maintains Gaussian mixture models input data streams. The approach follows state-of-the-art work on online density estimation, but was redesigned with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-06-10 Jaime Ferreira , David Martins de Matos , Ricardo Ribeiro

Gaussian processes (GPs) have been proven to be powerful tools in various areas of machine learning. However, there are very few applications of GPs in the scenario of multi-view learning. In this paper, we present a new GP model for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-01-18 Qiuyang Liu , Shiliang Sun

The use of Gaussian processes (GPs) is supported by efficient sampling algorithms, a rich methodological literature, and strong theoretical grounding. However, due to their prohibitive computation and storage demands, the use of exact GPs…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-07-27 Kelly R. Moran , Matthew W. Wheeler

Gaussian processes provide a framework for nonlinear nonparametric Bayesian inference widely applicable across science and engineering. Unfortunately, their computational burden scales cubically with the training sample size, which in the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-07-16 Alec Koppel , Hrusikesha Pradhan , Ketan Rajawat

We introduce a fast algorithm for Gaussian process regression in low dimensions, applicable to a widely-used family of non-stationary kernels. The non-stationarity of these kernels is induced by arbitrary spatially-varying vertical and…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-03-28 P. Michael Kielstra , Michael Lindsey