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We derive instance-dependent tail bounds for the regret of optimism-based reinforcement learning in finite-horizon tabular Markov decision processes with unknown transition dynamics. We first study a UCBVI-type (model-based) algorithm and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Sajad Khodadadian , Mehrdad Moharrami

We study reinforcement learning for continuous-time Markov decision processes (MDPs) in the finite-horizon episodic setting. In contrast to discrete-time MDPs, the inter-transition times of a continuous-time MDP are exponentially…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Xuefeng Gao , Xun Yu Zhou

This paper presents the first model-free, simulator-free reinforcement learning algorithm for Constrained Markov Decision Processes (CMDPs) with sublinear regret and zero constraint violation. The algorithm is named Triple-Q because it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Honghao Wei , Xin Liu , Lei Ying

By leveraging the representation power of deep neural networks, neural upper confidence bound (UCB) algorithms have shown success in contextual bandits. To further balance the exploration and exploitation, we propose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Ha Manh Bui , Enrique Mallada , Anqi Liu

Classic no-regret multi-armed bandit algorithms, including the Upper Confidence Bound (UCB), Hedge, and EXP3, are inherently unfair by design. Their unfairness stems from their objective of playing the most rewarding arm as frequently as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Abhishek Sinha

The expected regret of any reinforcement learning algorithm is lower bounded by $\Omega\left(\sqrt{DXAT}\right)$ for undiscounted returns, where $D$ is the diameter of the Markov decision process, $X$ the size of the state space, $A$ the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Lucas Weber , Ana Bušić , Jiamin Zhu

We present an optimistic Q-learning algorithm for regret minimization in average reward reinforcement learning under an additional assumption on the underlying MDP that for all policies, the time to visit some frequent state $s_0$ is finite…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Priyank Agrawal , Shipra Agrawal

We revisit the Thompson sampling algorithm to control an unknown linear quadratic (LQ) system recently proposed by Ouyang et al (arXiv:1709.04047). The regret bound of the algorithm was derived under a technical assumption on the induced…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-21 Mukul Gagrani , Sagar Sudhakara , Aditya Mahajan , Ashutosh Nayyar , Yi Ouyang

In reinforcement learning, an agent interacts sequentially with an environment to maximize a reward, receiving only partial, probabilistic feedback. This creates a fundamental exploration-exploitation trade-off: the agent must explore to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-27 Josep Lumbreras , Ruo Cheng Huang , Yanglin Hu , Marco Fanizza , Mile Gu

Contextual bandits are a rich model for sequential decision making given side information, with important applications, e.g., in recommender systems. We propose novel algorithms for contextual bandits harnessing neural networks to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-03-01 Parnian Kassraie , Andreas Krause

Constrained Markov Decision Processes are a class of stochastic decision problems in which the decision maker must select a policy that satisfies auxiliary cost constraints. This paper extends upper confidence reinforcement learning for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-28 Liyuan Zheng , Lillian J. Ratliff

We consider the problem of controlling an unknown linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) system consisting of multiple subsystems connected over a network. Our goal is to minimize and quantify the regret (i.e. loss in performance) of our strategy…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-08-19 Sagar Sudhakara , Aditya Mahajan , Ashutosh Nayyar , Yi Ouyang

Kernelized bandits, also known as Bayesian optimization (BO), has been a prevalent method for optimizing complicated black-box reward functions. Various BO algorithms have been theoretically shown to enjoy upper bounds on their cumulative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Zhongxiang Dai , Gregory Kang Ruey Lau , Arun Verma , Yao Shu , Bryan Kian Hsiang Low , Patrick Jaillet

We develop algorithms with low regret for learning episodic Markov decision processes based on kernel approximation techniques. The algorithms are based on both the Upper Confidence Bound (UCB) as well as Posterior or Thompson Sampling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-06 Sayak Ray Chowdhury , Aditya Gopalan

In this work, we address the open problem of finding low-complexity near-optimal multi-armed bandit algorithms for sequential decision making problems. Existing bandit algorithms are either sub-optimal and computationally simple (e.g.,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-04-18 Fang Liu , Sinong Wang , Swapna Buccapatnam , Ness Shroff

We consider what we call the offline-to-online learning setting, focusing on stochastic finite-armed bandit problems. In offline-to-online learning, a learner starts with offline data collected from interactions with an unknown environment…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Flore Sentenac , Ilbin Lee , Csaba Szepesvari

Continual learning aims to learn new tasks without forgetting previously learned ones. This is especially challenging when one cannot access data from previous tasks and when the model has a fixed capacity. Current regularization-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-21 Sayna Ebrahimi , Mohamed Elhoseiny , Trevor Darrell , Marcus Rohrbach

Existing studies indicate that momentum ideas in conventional optimization can be used to improve the performance of Q-learning algorithms. However, the finite-sample analysis for momentum-based Q-learning algorithms is only available for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-31 Bowen Weng , Huaqing Xiong , Lin Zhao , Yingbin Liang , Wei Zhang

Upper Confidence Bound (UCB) method is arguably the most celebrated one used in online decision making with partial information feedback. Existing techniques for constructing confidence bounds are typically built upon various concentration…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-11-01 Botao Hao , Yasin Abbasi-Yadkori , Zheng Wen , Guang Cheng

We study the online restless bandit problem, where the state of each arm evolves according to a Markov chain, and the reward of pulling an arm depends on both the pulled arm and the current state of the corresponding Markov chain. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-09 Siwei Wang , Longbo Huang , John C. S. Lui