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This paper explores the physics of second-order gravitational waves (GWs) induced by scalar-tensor perturbation interactions in the radiation-dominated Universe. We investigate the distinctive signatures of these GWs and their detectability…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-06-04 Pritha Bari , Nicola Bartolo , Guillem Domènech , Sabino Matarrese

Gravitational waves (GW) can constitute a unique probe of the primordial universe. In many cases, the characteristic frequency of the emitted GW is directly related to the energy scale at which the GW source is operating in the early…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-11 Chiara Caprini

We investigate the production and detection of gravitational waves (GWs) within the framework of Gravitational Quantum Field Theory (GQFT). In this theory, GWs exhibit five propagating modes: one scalar, two vector, and two tensor modes.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-06-27 Yuan-Kun Gao , Da Huang , Yue-Liang Wu

First-order phase transitions in the early Universe are a well-motivated source of gravitational waves (GWs). In this Letter, we identify a previously overlooked GW production mechanism: gravitational transition radiation, arising from…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-03-09 Wen-Yuan Ai

We study the production of relic gravitational waves (GWs) in turbulent hypermagnetic fields (HMFs) in the symmetric phase of the early universe before the electroweak phase transition (EWPT). The noise of HMFs is modeled by the analog of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-01-13 Maxim Dvornikov

We study the production, spectrum and detectability of gravitational waves in models of the early Universe where first order phase transitions occur during inflation. We consider all relevant sources. The self-consistency of the scenario…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2011-02-16 Diego Chialva

During a strongly first-order phase transition gravitational waves are produced by bubble collisions and turbulent plasma motion. We analyze the relevant characteristics of the electroweak phase transition in the nMSSM to determine the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-11-26 Stephan J. Huber , Thomas Konstandin

Hydromagnetic turbulence produced during phase transitions in the early universe can be a powerful source of stochastic gravitational waves (GWs). GWs can be modelled by the linearised spatial part of the Einstein equations sourced by the…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2021-07-15 A. Roper Pol , A. Brandenburg , T. Kahniashvili , A. Kosowsky , S. Mandal

We summarize the theoretical framework of gravitational wave (GW) production by bulk fluid motion induced by expanding broken-phase bubbles during a first-order phase transition. Using a locally stationary unequal-time correlator (UETC) to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-08-07 Isak Stomberg , Alberto Roper Pol

Large-scale primordial perturbations have been well constrained by current cosmological observations, but the properties of small-scale perturbations remain elusive. This study focuses on second-order induced gravitational waves generated…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-11 Di Wu , Zhi-Chao Li , Peng-Yu Wu , Fei-Yu Chen , Jing-Zhi Zhou

We conducted three-dimensional lattice simulations to study the density perturbation and gravitational waves (GWs) during first-order phase transition (FOPT). We find that for phase transition strength $\alpha > 1$, the forward motion of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-04-13 Jintao Zou , Zhiqing Zhu , Zizhuo Zhao , Ligong Bian

We analytically derive the spectrum of gravitational waves due to magneto-hydrodynamical turbulence generated by bubble collisions in a first-order phase transition. In contrast to previous studies, we take into account the fact that…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-20 Chiara Caprini , Ruth Durrer , Geraldine Servant

We investigate the quantum properties of gravitational waves (GWs) generated by a classical energy-momentum tensor. Treating the GW field as a quantum field coupled to a classical source, we evaluate the expectation value of the GW…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-23 Felix Laga , Teruaki Suyama

Inhomogeneities associated with the cosmological QCD and electroweak phase transitions produce hydrodynamical perturbations, longitudinal sounds and rotations. It has been demonstrated by Hindmarsh et al. that the sounds produce gravity…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-04-08 Tigran Kalaydzhyan , Edward Shuryak

The detection of gravitational waves (GWs) propagating through cosmic structures can provide invaluable information on the geometry and content of our Universe, as well as on the fundamental theory of gravity. In order to test possible…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-11-25 Alice Garoffolo , Gianmassimo Tasinato , Carmelita Carbone , Daniele Bertacca , Sabino Matarrese

Gravitational waves (GWs) originating from cosmological sources offer direct insights into the physics of the primordial Universe, the fundamental nature of gravity, and the cosmic expansion of the Universe. In this review paper, we present…

We study gravitational wave production at strong first order phase transitions, with large-scale, long-running simulations of a system with a scalar order parameter and a relativistic fluid. One transition proceeds by detonations with…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-18 José Correia , Mark Hindmarsh , Kari Rummukainen , David J. Weir

We show that quantum fluctuations of an expanding phase transition bubble give rise to gravitational wave (GW) emission, even when considering a single bubble, without bubble collisions or plasma effects. The ratio of GW energy to the total…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-04-03 Kfir Blum , Mehrdad Mirbabayi

Cosmological stochastic gravitational waves (GWs) induced by a spectator field are usually expected to have an amplitude very small compared with those generated by the curvature perturbation, or equivalently by a field dominating the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-10-04 Mohammad Ali Gorji , Misao Sasaki

Gravitational waves (GWs) can undoubtedly serve as a messenger from the early Universe acting as well as a novel probe of the underlying gravity theory. In this work, motivated by one-loop vacuum-polarization effects on curved spacetime, we…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-09-02 Theodoros Papanikolaou , Charalampos Tzerefos , Salvatore Capozziello , Gaetano Lambiase