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For the past year, the HEP.TrkX project has been investigating machine learning solutions to LHC particle track reconstruction problems. A variety of models were studied that drew inspiration from computer vision applications and operated…

Machine learning methods have a long history of applications in high energy physics (HEP). Recently, there is a growing interest in exploiting these methods to reconstruct particle signatures from raw detector data. In order to benefit from…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-03-17 Javier Duarte , Jean-Roch Vlimant

The determination of charged particle trajectories in collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is an important but challenging problem, especially in the high interaction density conditions expected during the future…

Unprecedented increase of complexity and scale of data is expected in computation necessary for the tracking detectors of the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) experiments. While currently used Kalman filter based algorithms…

The next decade will see an order of magnitude increase in data collected by high-energy physics experiments, driven by the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC). The reconstruction of charged particle trajectories (tracks) has always been a…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-06-25 Anthony Correia , Fotis I. Giasemis , Nabil Garroum , Vladimir Vava Gligorov , Bertrand Granado

Reconstructing charged particle tracks is a fundamental task in modern collider experiments. The unprecedented particle multiplicities expected at the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) pose significant challenges for track…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2025-12-16 Samuel Van Stroud , Philippa Duckett , Max Hart , Nikita Pond , Sébastien Rettie , Gabriel Facini , Tim Scanlon

The major challenge posed by the high instantaneous luminosity in the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) motivates efficient and fast reconstruction of charged particle tracks in a high pile-up environment. While there have been efforts to use…

Track reconstruction is a crucial task in particle experiments and is traditionally very computationally expensive due to its combinatorial nature. Recently, graph neural networks (GNNs) have emerged as a promising approach that can improve…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2024-07-22 Paolo Calafiura , Jay Chan , Loic Delabrouille , Brandon Wang

Pattern recognition problems in high energy physics are notably different from traditional machine learning applications in computer vision. Reconstruction algorithms identify and measure the kinematic properties of particles produced in…

In the forthcoming years the LHC experiments are going to be upgraded to benefit from the substantial increase of the LHC instantaneous luminosity, which will lead to larger, denser events, and, consequently, greater complexity in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-10 Matteo Argenton , Laura Cappelli , Concezio Bozzi

In this work, we present a study on ways that tracking algorithms can be improved with machine learning (ML). We base this study on the line segment tracking (LST) algorithm that we have designed to be naturally parallelized and vectorized…

We introduce a novel variant of GNN for particle tracking called Hierarchical Graph Neural Network (HGNN). The architecture creates a set of higher-level representations which correspond to tracks and assigns spacepoints to these tracks,…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2023-03-06 Ryan Liu , Paolo Calafiura , Steven Farrell , Xiangyang Ju , Daniel Thomas Murnane , Tuan Minh Pham

This paper presents a graph neural network (GNN) technique for low-level reconstruction of neutrino interactions in a Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC). GNNs are still a relatively novel technique, and have shown great promise…

Particle track reconstruction is traditionally computationally challenging due to the combinatorial nature of the tracking algorithms employed. Recent developments have focused on novel algorithms with graph neural networks (GNNs), which…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2025-06-05 Jay Chan , Brandon Wang , Paolo Calafiura

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at the European Organisation for Nuclear Research (CERN) will be upgraded to further increase the instantaneous rate of particle collisions (luminosity) and become the High Luminosity LHC. This increase in…

The reconstruction of charged particle trajectories is one of the most complex and CPU consuming parts of event processing in high energy experiments. At future hadron colliders such as the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) or…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2019-10-25 Xiaocong Ai

Accurate determination of particle track reconstruction parameters will be a major challenge for the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) experiments. The expected increase in the number of simultaneous collisions at the HL-LHC…

Recent work has demonstrated that geometric deep learning methods such as graph neural networks (GNNs) are well suited to address a variety of reconstruction problems in high energy particle physics. In particular, particle tracking data is…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2023-02-07 Gage DeZoort , Savannah Thais , Javier Duarte , Vesal Razavimaleki , Markus Atkinson , Isobel Ojalvo , Mark Neubauer , Peter Elmer

Recent work has demonstrated that graph neural networks (GNNs) can match the performance of traditional algorithms for charged particle tracking while improving scalability to meet the computing challenges posed by the HL-LHC. Most GNN…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2023-12-08 Kilian Lieret , Gage DeZoort , Devdoot Chatterjee , Jian Park , Siqi Miao , Pan Li

The application of Graph Neural Networks (GNN) in track reconstruction is a promising approach to cope with the challenges arising at the High-Luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC). GNNs show good track-finding…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2024-01-30 Lukas Heinrich , Benjamin Huth , Andreas Salzburger , Tilo Wettig
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