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Generating safety-critical scenarios in high-fidelity simulations offers a promising and cost-effective approach for efficient testing of autonomous vehicles. Existing methods typically rely on manipulating a single vehicle's trajectory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Jiawei Wang , Xintao Yan , Yao Mu , Haowei Sun , Zhong Cao , Henry X. Liu

Developing reliable autonomous driving algorithms poses challenges in testing, particularly when it comes to safety-critical traffic scenarios involving pedestrians. An open question is how to simulate rare events, not necessarily found in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-09-04 Yuhang Yang , Kalle Kujanpaa , Amin Babadi , Joni Pajarinen , Alexander Ilin

Simulation-based testing has emerged as an essential tool for verifying and validating autonomous vehicles (AVs). However, contemporary methodologies, such as deterministic and imitation learning-based driver models, struggle to capture the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Cheng Wang , Lingxin Kong , Massimiliano Tamborski , Stefano V. Albrecht

It is important to build a rigorous verification and validation (V&V) process to evaluate the safety of highly automated vehicles (HAVs) before their wide deployment on public roads. In this paper, we propose an interaction-aware framework…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-02-24 Xinpeng Wang , Songan Zhang , Kuan-Hui Lee , Huei Peng

With the development of autonomous driving, it is becoming increasingly common for autonomous vehicles (AVs) and human-driven vehicles (HVs) to travel on the same roads. Existing single-vehicle planning algorithms on board struggle to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-02-15 Licheng Wen , Pinlong Cai , Daocheng Fu , Song Mao , Yikang Li

Existing neural network-based autonomous systems are shown to be vulnerable against adversarial attacks, therefore sophisticated evaluation on their robustness is of great importance. However, evaluating the robustness only under the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-29 Wenhao Ding , Baiming Chen , Bo Li , Kim Ji Eun , Ding Zhao

Generating safety-critical driving scenarios requires understanding why dangerous interactions arise, rather than merely forcing collisions. However, existing methods rely on heuristic adversarial agent selection and unstructured…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Bowen Jing , Ruiyang Hao , Weitao Zhou , Haibao Yu

Roundabouts, characterized by frequent merging and yielding interactions, remain a safety-critical corner case for the development and testing of intelligent driving functions. However, extracting sufficient near-critical scenarios from…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Li Li , Till Temmen , Tobias Brinkmann , Björn Krautwig , Markus Eisenbarth , Jakob Andert

Machine learning based autonomous driving systems often face challenges with safety-critical scenarios that are rare in real-world data, hindering their large-scale deployment. While increasing real-world training data coverage could…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Yuan Yin , Pegah Khayatan , Éloi Zablocki , Alexandre Boulch , Matthieu Cord

Interaction between the background vehicles (BVs) and automated vehicles (AVs) in scenario-based testing plays a critical role in evaluating the intelligence of the AVs. Current testing scenarios typically employ predefined or scripted BVs,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-13 Yining Ma , Wei Jiang , Lingtong Zhang , Junyi Chen , Hong Wang , Chen Lv , Xuesong Wang , Lu Xiong

Motion planning for autonomous vehicles sharing the road with human drivers remains challenging. The difficulty arises from three challenging aspects: human drivers are 1) multi-modal, 2) interacting with the autonomous vehicle, and 3)…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-02-02 Rui Oliveira , Siddharth H. Nair , Bo Wahlberg

Automated driving vehicles~(ADV) promise to enhance driving efficiency and safety, yet they face intricate challenges in safety-critical scenarios. As a result, validating ADV within generated safety-critical scenarios is essential for both…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Kunkun Hao , Lu Liu , Wen Cui , Jianxing Zhang , Songyang Yan , Yuxi Pan , Zijiang Yang

In order to find the most likely failure scenarios which may occur under certain given operation domain, critical-scenario-based test is supposed as an effective and widely used method, which gives suggestions for designers to improve the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-06-03 Yizhou Xie , Kunpeng Dai , Yong Zhang

With the adoption of autonomous vehicles on our roads, we will witness a mixed-autonomy environment where autonomous and human-driven vehicles must learn to co-exist by sharing the same road infrastructure. To attain socially-desirable…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Behrad Toghi , Rodolfo Valiente , Dorsa Sadigh , Ramtin Pedarsani , Yaser P. Fallah

Automated Vehicles require exhaustive testing in simulation to detect as many safety-critical failures as possible before deployment on public roads. In this work, we focus on the core decision-making component of autonomous robots: their…

Safety-critical traffic scenarios are integral to the development and validation of autonomous driving systems. These scenarios provide crucial insights into vehicle responses under high-risk conditions rarely encountered in real-world…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Jinxiong Lu , Shoaib Azam , Gokhan Alcan , Ville Kyrki

To achieve autonomous driving without high-definition maps, we present a model capable of generating multiple plausible paths from egocentric images for autonomous vehicles. Our generative model comprises two neural networks: the feature…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-04 Dooseop Choi , Seung-jun Han , Kyoungwook Min , Jeongdan Choi

User-friendly modeling and virtual simulation of urban traffic scenarios with different types of interacting agents such as pedestrians, cyclists and autonomous vehicles remains a challenge. We present CARJAN, a novel tool for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Leonard Frank Neis , Andre Antakli , Matthias Klusch

This paper addresses the problem of traffic prediction and control of autonomous vehicles on highways. A modified Interacting Multiple Model Kalman filter algorithm is applied to predict the motion behavior of the traffic participants by…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-12 Xiaorong Zhang , Sahar Zeinali , Georg Schildbach

Accurate trajectory prediction is fundamental to autonomous driving, as it underpins safe motion planning and collision avoidance in complex environments. However, existing benchmark datasets suffer from a pronounced long-tail distribution…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Ruining Yang , Yi Xu , Yixiao Chen , Yun Fu , Lili Su