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In the context of large population symmetric games, approximate Nash equilibria are introduced through equilibrium solutions of the corresponding mean field game in the sense that the individual gain from optimal unilateral deviation under…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Mao Fabrice Djete , Nizar Touzi

We present a framework for computing approximate mixed-strategy Nash equilibria of continuous-action games. It is a modification of the traditional double oracle algorithm, extended to multiple players and continuous action spaces. Unlike…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Carlos Martin , Tuomas Sandholm

An iterative finite difference scheme for mean field games (MFGs) is proposed. The target MFGs are derived from control problems for multidimensional systems with advection terms. For such MFGs, linearization using the Cole-Hopf…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-04-26 Daisuke Inoue , Yuji Ito , Takahito Kashiwabara , Norikazu Saito , Hiroaki Yoshida

In this book, we present a curated collection of existing results on inverse problems for Mean Field Games (MFGs), a cutting-edge and rapidly evolving field of research. Our aim is to provide fresh insights, novel perspectives, and a…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-03-20 Hongyu Liu , Catharine W. K. Lo , Shen Zhang

Recently, the paper [12] introduces a derivative-free consensus-based particle method that finds the Nash equilibrium of non-convex multiplayer games, where it proves the global exponential convergence in the sense of mean-field law. This…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-05-21 Hui Huang , Jethro Warnett

Mean field games (MFGs) model interactions in large-population multi-agent systems through population distributions. Traditional learning methods for MFGs are based on fixed-point iteration (FPI), where policy updates and induced population…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Chenyu Zhang , Xu Chen , Xuan Di

Recent extensions to dynamic games of the well-known fictitious play learning procedure in static games were proved to globally converge to stationary Nash equilibria in two important classes of dynamic games (zero-sum and…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-07-08 Lucas Baudin , Rida Laraki

We focus on the design of algorithms for finding equilibria in 2-player zero-sum games. Although it is well known that such problems can be solved by a single linear program, there has been a surge of interest in recent years for simpler…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Michail Fasoulakis , Evangelos Markakis , Giorgos Roussakis , Christodoulos Santorinaios

The paper is concerned with distributed learning and optimization in large-scale settings. The well-known Fictitious Play (FP) algorithm has been shown to achieve Nash equilibrium learning in certain classes of multi-agent games. However,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-06-16 B. Swenson , S. Kar , J. Xavier

In game-theoretic learning, several agents are simultaneously following their individual interests, so the environment is non-stationary from each player's perspective. In this context, the performance of a learning algorithm is often…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Yu-Guan Hsieh , Kimon Antonakopoulos , Panayotis Mertikopoulos

The mean field games (MFG) paradigm was introduced to provide tractable approximations of games involving very large populations. The theory typically rests on two key assumptions: homogeneity, meaning that all players share the same…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-10 Mathieu Laurière

This work considers stochastic differential games with a large number of players, whose costs and dynamics interact through the empirical distribution of both their states and their controls. We develop a new framework to prove convergence…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-03-24 Mathieu Laurière , Ludovic Tangpi

The Nash equilibrium is an important benchmark for behaviour in systems of strategic autonomous agents. Polymatrix games are a succinct and expressive representation of multiplayer games that model pairwise interactions between players. The…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2016-03-17 Argyrios Deligkas , John Fearnley , Tobenna Peter Igwe , Rahul Savani

In this paper we present a scalable deep learning framework for finding Markovian Nash Equilibria in multi-agent stochastic games using fictitious play. The motivation is inspired by theoretical analysis of Forward Backward Stochastic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-24 Tianrong Chen , Ziyi Wang , Ioannis Exarchos , Evangelos A. Theodorou

We explore a mechanism of decision-making in Mean Field Games with myopic players. At each instant, agents set a strategy which optimizes their expected future cost by assuming their environment as immutable. As the system evolves, the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-02-05 Charafeddine Mouzouni

Fictitious Play (FP) is a simple and natural dynamic for repeated play with many applications in game theory and multi-agent reinforcement learning. It was introduced by Brown (1949,1951) and its convergence properties for two-player…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Ioannis Panageas , Nikolas Patris , Stratis Skoulakis , Volkan Cevher

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) has demonstrated remarkable effectiveness in aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences. Many existing alignment approaches rely on the Bradley-Terry (BT) model assumption,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Yuheng Zhang , Dian Yu , Tao Ge , Linfeng Song , Zhichen Zeng , Haitao Mi , Nan Jiang , Dong Yu

We study the problem of learning a Nash equilibrium (NE) in an imperfect information game (IIG) through self-play. Precisely, we focus on two-player, zero-sum, episodic, tabular IIG under the perfect-recall assumption where the only…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-06-14 Tadashi Kozuno , Pierre Ménard , Rémi Munos , Michal Valko

This paper studies the convergence of mean field games with finite state space to mean field games with a continuous state space. We examine a space discretization of a diffusive dynamics, which is reminiscent of the Markov chain…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-01-18 Charles Bertucci , Alekos Cecchin

Wide machine learning tasks can be formulated as non-convex multi-player games, where Nash equilibrium (NE) is an acceptable solution to all players, since no one can benefit from changing its strategy unilaterally. Attributed to the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-01-20 Guanpu Chen , Gehui Xu , Fengxiang He , Yiguang Hong , Leszek Rutkowski , Dacheng Tao