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The model organism Physarum polycephalum is known to perform decentralised problem solving despite absence of nervous system. Experimental evidence and modelling studies have linked these abilities, and in particular maze-solving, to some…

Biological Physics · Physics 2026-02-19 Daniele Proverbio , Giulia Giordano

Physarum Polycephalum is a slime mold that is apparently able to solve shortest path problems. A mathematical model has been proposed by biologists to describe the feedback mechanism used by the slime mold to adapt its tubular channels…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-07-01 Vincenzo Bonifaci , Kurt Mehlhorn , Girish Varma

During the last years, a well studied biological substrate, namely Physarum polycephalum, has been proven efficient on finding appropriate and efficient solutions in hard to solve complex mathematical problems. The plasmodium of P.…

Life evolved organisms to adapt dynamically to their environment and autonomously exhibit behaviours. While complex behaviours in organisms are typically associated with the capability of neurons to process information, the unicellular…

Biological Physics · Physics 2023-06-16 Mathieu Le Verge-Serandour , Karen Alim

The popular Physarum-inspired Algorithms (PAs) have the potential to solve challenging network optimization problems. However, the existing researches on PAs are still immature and far from being fully recognized. A major reason is that…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2019-04-09 Yahui Sun

The user equilibrium in traffic assignment problem is based on the fact that travelers choose the minimum-cost path between every origin-destination pair and on the assumption that such a behavior will lead to an equilibrium of the traffic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-06-10 Yang Liu , Xiaoge Zhang , Yong Deng

Slime mould plasmodia can adjust their behaviour in response to chemical trails left by themselves and other Physarum plasmodia. This simple feedback process increases their foraging efficiency. We still do not know whether other factors…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2019-05-17 Eilidh Stirrup , David Lusseau

Plasmodium stage of Physarum polycephalum behaves as a distributed dynamical pattern formation mechanism who's foraging and migration is influenced by local stimuli from a wide range of attractants and repellents. Complex protoplasmic tube…

Biological Physics · Physics 2012-04-10 Soichiro Tsuda , Jeff Jones , Andrew Adamatzky , Jonathan Mills

Shortest path problems are a touchstone for evaluating the computing performance and functional range of novel computing substrates. Much has been published in recent years regarding the use of biocomputers to solve minimal path problems…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2019-05-14 Richard Mayne

The true slime mold \textit{Physarum polycephalum} has the remarkable capability to perform self-organized activities such as network formation among food sources. Despite well reproducing the emergence of slime networks, existing models…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2025-08-04 Damiano Reginato , Daniele Proverbio , Giulia Giordano

In this paper we study dynamics inspired by Physarum polycephalum (a slime mold) for solving linear programs [NTY00, IJNT11, JZ12]. These dynamics are arrived at by a local and mechanistic interpretation of the inner workings of the slime…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-11-24 Damian Straszak , Nisheeth K. Vishnoi

Physarum polycephalum is a single-celled, multi-nucleated slime mold whose body constitutes a network of veins. As it explores its environment, it adapts and optimizes its network to external stimuli. It has been shown to exhibit complex…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2023-09-20 Ana Filipa Valente

Plasmodium of Physarum polycephalum is a single cell visible by unaided eye, which spans sources of nutrients with its protoplasmic network. In a very simple experimental setup we recorded electric potential of the propagating plasmodium.…

Pattern Formation and Solitons · Physics 2011-07-18 Andrew Adamatzky , Jeff Jones

Physarum Polycephalum is a slime mold that can solve shortest path problems. A mathematical model based on Physarum's behavior, known as the Physarum Directed Dynamics, can solve positive linear programs. In this paper, we present a family…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Yuan Gao , Hamidreza Kamkari , Andreas Karrenbauer , Kurt Mehlhorn , Mohammadamin Sharifi

The true slime mould Physarum polycephalum is a recent well studied example of how complex transport networks emerge from simple auto-catalytic and self- organising local interactions, adapting structure and function against changing…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2015-03-29 Jeff Jones

The slime mould Physarum polycephalum displays adaptive transport dynamics and network formation that have inspired its use as a model of biological computation. We develop a Lagrangian formulation of Physarum's adaptive dynamics on…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-11-12 Ricard Solé , Jordi Pla-Mauri

The Phychip project is a collaborative European research initiative to design and implement computation using the organism Physarum polycephalum; it is funded by the Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) by the European Commission within CORDIS…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2014-11-26 James G. H. Whiting , Ben P. J. de Lacy Costello , Andrew Adamatzky

Physarum Polycephalum is a unicellular slime mold that has been intensely studied due to its ability to solve mazes, find shortest paths, generate Steiner trees, share knowledge, remember past events, and its applications to unconventional…

Biological Physics · Physics 2022-10-18 Sheryl Hsu , Laura P. Schaposnik

Plasmodium of Physarym polycephalum is an ideal biological substrate for implementing concurrent and parallel computation, including combinatorial geometry and optimization on graphs. We report results of scoping experiments on Physarum…

Robotics · Computer Science 2010-11-23 Andrew Adamatzky

The slime mould Physarum polycephalum is a suitable candidate organism for soft-matter robotics because it exhibits controllable transport, movement and guidance behaviour. Physarum may be considered as a smart computing and actuating…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2012-12-05 Soichiro Tsuda , Jeff Jones , Andrew Adamatzky
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